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              <text>INTRODUCTION&#13;
The Limits of the Area Prescribed. The area is rectangular, having its eastern margin situated 9 miles west of Timaru city. The south east corner of the rectangle is li miles south east of Mt. Horrible Trig. at (GRSlll/640500~ with the north east corner situated 5~ miles to the north at (GRS111/6406oq • From the eastern boundary, both the north and south edges of the rectangle extend directly westwards for 12i miles to the western boundary, thereby enclosing 70 sq. miles. General Description of the Area •. Topography. The area may be divided into 4 topographical sections which from east to west are, (1) 1. The Timaru Downs. 2. The Craigmore - Cave Hill. '9 - 3· The Pare ora Intermontane Basin. 4. The Hunters Hills. Westwards from Timaru the elevation of the gently undulating topography gradually increases till a height of 1,272 ft. is reac~ed at Mt. Horrible Trig. (;.. This rising upland constitutes the Timaru Downs and is bordered to the south and west by the escarpments of Mt. Horrible, which are up to 700 ft.high. t •• )0 C1 ol 0\ oT I I) 2. (2) Immediately west of Mt. Horrible the Craigmore -Cave broken anticline forms a narrow ridge, traversing the area from north to south. The highest part is (4) at Trig. H on Cave Hill, 1,780 ft. high. The Pareora intermontane basi~ is bounded in I . the east by the Craigmore-Cave Hill, and in the west by the Hunters Hills. It is occupied by long parallel ~ndulating downs which extend towards the west, increasing gently in height as the Hunters Hills are app,r oached. (. ' These Hills rise steeply from the western margin of the 1ntermontane basin and within the area reach ·a height of 3,486 ft. at Trig. Kl. Drainage. The Pareora River has its source in the Hunters Hills. It pa~ses through the deep Upper Pareora Gorge, then out into the Pareora intermontane basin, where it meets the Motu_~aika and White Rock Rivers before passing through the Low·er Pare ora Gorge. All three ri vera drain the Pareora intermontane basin. Below this gorge at the s.w. corner of Mt. Horrible, the Pareora River is joined by Taiko Stream and Pareora River (South Branch) which drain the Taiko and Maungati areas respectively. (S) (~) itnuH 1 m it · :I.i.'I oH '!0 'I Vegetation. The natural flora of the area is tussock, flax and cabbage trees with a little bush confined to stream valleys in the high country. Climate and Agriculture. The climate is inclined to be dry with an average annual rainfall of 23 ins. Sheep farming is extensive in the uplands but also important in the lowlands. Cattle grazing is largely confined to the low country. Cropping is particularly important upon the low lands where topography and climate are suited to such activity. Previous Ge,ological Investigat,ion.s .• As early as 1848, Mantell, during an exploratory journey from Christchurch to Dunedin, noted certain geological ~eatures at Timaru and wrote (18501 p.322) that, "The superficial deposits of Timaru are of the same nature as those of the plains, and are superposed on a vesicular volcanic rock which reaches a height of fifteen feet, and, gradually dipping to the south, disappears in the course of a few miles." Mantell also mentions a seam of coal 10 ft. thick said to occur, 11 on the bank of a stream inland of Timaru." (l850, P~323). According to Gudex (1918, p.244), 11Haast in l865 examined the country between Mt. Horrible and the banks of the Pareora River, with a view to obtaining a V ta t.Sl r..aq ~.riu te .... l olrl !.:&gt;i:Cl d water-supply for Timaru. 11 Gudex also states that, (p.254) "In 1875 Hutton, in his Catalogue of Tertiary Mollusca, &amp;c., introduced the Pareora Formation as one of the four chief divisions of the Tertiary, dividing it into an upper and lower group, but he identified no fossils from Pareora, and was uncertain whether this locality should be referred to the Upper or Lower Group." In 1877, McKay visited the area whilst on a geological traverse between Waipara and North Otago. McKay (1877 pp.49-66) gives an account of the sequence observed. Park (l904, P·530) remarks that, "The sections at the lower and upper ends of the Pareora Gorge are so obscure as to be of no value for the determination of relations existing between the beds containing what has ·been known as the Pareora fauna and the Oamaru Stone." -'He goes on to say that, "At White Rock River, higher up the valley, the Oamaru Stone is absent, but the fossiliferous clays and sandstones exposed there rest upon the basement rock of the district." 4. Evidently Park failed to recognize the limestone which dips westwards from the Craigmore anticline to pass beneath the White Rock River area and reappear along the base of the Hunters Hills. McKay (187~pp.50-51) in a section of the Pareora area presents the White Rock River beds in their correct stratigraphical position. H l :I 'I 6~ I) du ['100 bt. t 'lo d .ad '00 Hardcastle in 1890 (pp.406-414) and in 1891 (pp.311-324) published detailed information concerning respectively the loess and drift deposits of South Canterbury, whilst in 1908 (pp.6-6o) he also published a popularized account of the geology of South Canterbury. In 1914 Gudex studied the Tertiary sequence in the Pareora- district and stated {1918,p.246) that, 11My examination of the district shows that the Tertiary beds of the district are all conformable, and not separable ' into two unconformable groups as McKay supposed; that the upper beds with a 11 Pareora fauna" are above the limestone, and not below as Park supposed; and that there is a similar fauna above and below the limestone, as Thomson suggested. (Thomson , l915, pp.l23-124)." In 1917 Thomson visited the area and examined the limestones occupring at Craigmore {Thomson 1926 p.159). Finally the White Rock River 'fossil locality was visited by Laws who described Hutchinsonian-Awamoan faunas collected throughout South Canterbury. (Laws 1 1933, pp.315 - 319). ---------------------- 5·</text>
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This thesis is an account of the geology of approximately 75 square miles on the coast of South-East Otago, about 50 miles south-west of Dunedin. It covers the land between the margin of Owaka Valley in the north and Tahakopa River in the south. The railway-line between Owaka ad Tahakopa is the approximate north-western boundary. The Catlins District is the local name applied to the area mentioned above, and is named after Captain E. Catlin, an early settler of the district. The relative position and communications of the district to main centres of the southern part of the South Island of New Zealand, is shown in Text-fig. 1.</text>
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              <text>3 v.</text>
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                <text>Geology of the Catlins District, South-east Otago </text>
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              <text>The present work was undertaken ·as a master's thesis at the University of Otago during 1955 and 1956. It may be divided into t w parts. One part deals with the stratigraphy, structure, mineralogy a.nd metaJ!lorphism of the pre-Cretaceous basement rocks of the area. This is the field of primary interest of the author and the reason for:..undertaking the study. Under normal circumstances the author would be hesitant to publish the...</text>
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                <text>Structural and metamorphic geology of the Brighton - Taieri Mouth area, east Otago, New Zealand</text>
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        <name>pumpellyite</name>
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                <text> Sedimentary petrology</text>
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              <text>INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE OF WORK
An investigation of a section through the central Takitimu Mountains is presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the B.Sc. (Hons.) Degree to the Geology Dept., University of Otago, New Zealand. 
The Takitimu Mountains lie to the S.E. of Lake Manapouri in the South Island, (map 2 ) and consist of a chain of peaks approximately 24 miles long and rising to a maximum height of 5,582 ft. (Spence Peak). The mountains are free of ice and snow in the summer, but there is evidence of past glaciation (plate 1). 
Three weeks were spent in the field, from the end of January to mid-February, 1961. Mapping was restricted almost entirely to the upper reaches of the Aparima River, from the Braxton Ridge to the Aparima Peaks (frontispiece) A sketch map based on aerial photographs is included with this report (map 1). 
The section investigated includes Lower Permian rocks of the Takitimu Group, constituting the bulk of the mountains, together with the Lower and Middle Triassic sediments. In the Middle Triassic, the Etalian and part of the Kaihikuan stages of the Gore Series have been mapped. All the rocks clip in a general easterly direction and constitute part of the western limb of the Southland Syncline. There is, however, evidence to suggest that the rocks of the Takatimu Group are strongly folded.
 A few miles south of the section investigated, the Productus Creek Group outcrops, but the only indication of this group in the Aparima area was the discovery of two boulders of Productus Creek limestone in the Aparima River. 
 Several new fossil localities in the Kaihikuan and Etlian stages, and one from the Permian (Takatimu Group) are recorded. Several thousand feet of greywacke and siltstone underlying the base of the Etalian are placed tentatively in the Lower Triassic. They would appear to constitute a new Pre-Etalian stage yet to be defined. Fossil localities from these Lower Triassic sediments are also described. 
 The validity of four species of the ammonoid genus Parapopanoceras set up by Browne ( 1952) is discussed and a genus of brachiopod new to New Zealand is recognised and recorded.
 A brief petrological study of the rocks of the Takatimu Group,and the Triassic greywackes and siltstones has been made. The rocks of the Takitimu Group belong to the prehnite-pumpellyite metamorphic facies, while the Triassic sediments belong to the heulandite zone of the zeolite facies. 
 Some aspects of the clay mineralogy of the Triassic siltstones are included in an appendix.</text>
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              <text>Takitimu Mountains</text>
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              <text>29 leaves. Ill. Photos. 27 cm.</text>
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                <text>1961Harper</text>
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                <text>Harper, CT`</text>
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                <text>1961</text>
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                <text>The Geology of a section through the Central Takitimu Mountains, Southland, New Zealand.</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>Paleontology</text>
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                <text> Sedimentary petrology</text>
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        <name>heulandite</name>
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        <name>prehnite-pumpellyite</name>
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        <name>Takitimu Group</name>
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        <name>Triassic</name>
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        <src>https://theses.otagogeology.org.nz/files/original/c84fc9b84cf1cceb3b8c46f847e44501.pdf</src>
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              <text>POLYGON ((169.285327900529865 -46.074607818028326,169.292435549858567 -46.070671287935895,169.294341691818033 -46.067756312621569,169.305953117679024 -46.060392818481759,169.327564445005692 -46.056922574799692,169.346191534901862 -46.046803619578739,169.355349798486742 -46.037570414866785,169.371986992279972 -46.03155131644894,169.388078187088155 -46.033847768151773,169.397735171380049 -46.043083559745654,169.401853368040406 -46.071791361338022,169.389499829812053 -46.247629925799053,169.277877358020419 -46.223207773502679,169.285327900529865 -46.074607818028326))</text>
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              <text>Bishop</text>
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              <text>A map and description of the geology of 73 square miles of the Clinton District is presented. The area is underlain by sedimentary rocks of Paleozoic and Mesozoic age with a small area of Tertiary sediments occurring in the northern part of the district.
The oldest rocks are those of the Tuapeka Group, mainly indurated greywackes of the prehnite-pumpellyite metagretwacke facies. The structure is not clear but equal area projections reveal fold axes trending north-north-east and plunging at 45* in this direction.
The younger Paleozoic rocks have been divided into three groups. the oldest, Waipahi, is probably similar in age and content to the Waipahi Group established by Wood (1956) in the adjacent Gore Subdivision. The Arthurton Group corresponds to the lower part of Wood's Arthurton Group, and a new unit, the Popotunoa Group, is established for rocks probably equivalent to the upper part of the original Arthurton Group.
Fossils were found in rocks of the Arthurton Group and included the pelecypod Atomofesma, the brachiopod Lissochonetes, and several gastropods. A new brachiopod, Martinia clintonensis, is described. Most of the species recorded formed part of a shallow water biocoenosis which was exterminated by an influx of volcanic ash.
The three groups comprise a marginal eugeosynclinal sequence of volcanic greywackes and sandstones, shales, tuffs, and conglomerates and, in part, belong to the heulandite and laumontite zones of the zeolite mineral facies.
The structure and stratigraphic relationships of these groups us not absolutely clear and several possible interpretations are presented. A possibility exists that some of the rocks mapped as belonging to the Waipahi Group are actually  younger than the Arthurton and Popotunoa Groups. The rocks are thrown into a series of overturned folds trending north-west south-east and are the oldest rocks of the overturned north-eastern limb of the Southland Syncline.
Several steeply plunging minor folds were also recorded, possibly aligned along a north-north-east trending zone. Available evidence suggests that these may be older than those trending north-west south-east.
The oldest Mesozoic rocks in the district have been placed in a new group, the Kuriwao Gorge Group, which is approximately equivalent to the Wairuna Peak Beds of Wood (1956). Two formations are recognised, the Kuriwao (lower) and Waiwera (upper) Formations. From rocks near the base of the Waiwera Formation specimens of a new species of Conchostracan were collected and these are described with four more from Etalian strata at Kaka Point. Preliminary work indicates that they may be useful index fossils in the older Triassic rocks of Southland.
The Kaihikuan Stage conformably overlies the Waiwera Formation but is very thin, and absent at some localities. It in turn is overlain by the Oretian Stage which forms the southern boundary of the district.
The Triassic rocks are conglomerates, volcanic greywackes and sandstones, and tuffs. They fall into the heulandite zone of the zeolite facies. They dip steeply, being sometimes overturned along the northern limb of the Southland Syncline. At Waiwera Gorge they are involved in a subsidiary anticline plunging south-east at approximately 25*.
Overall, the Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks, with the exception of the Tuapeka Group, belong to the volcanic arenite suite, the nomenclature of which is herein defined. The amount of pyroclastic material supplied to the developing geosynclines progressively increased with the passage of time. Freshwater or estuarine coal measures, equivalent to the Gore Lignite Measures (Wood, 1956) and possibly Bortonian-Knintan age overlie rocks of the Tuapeka Group near the Pomahake River. Kaolinitic clays overlie and underlie a seam of low grade lignite, which at one locality is on fire. A description of the mineralogy of a resultant fused sediment is presented which suggests that temperatures in excess of 1500*C were attained for a short time.
Tertiary and later deformation has been mainly restricted to gentle warping about north-north-east and north-west axes and largely controls the present topography and drainage pattern. Reverse and normal faulting along the Murihiku escarpment probably occurred during the early Tertiary and resulted in the uplifted Triassic block and possibly in other smaller uplifted blocks in the Paleozoic rocks. 
Finally a short discussion of the economic geology of the area is presented.</text>
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              <text>Clinton</text>
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                <text>1962Bishop</text>
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                <text>Bishop, David Graham.</text>
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                <text>1962</text>
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                <text>Geology of the Clinton district</text>
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                <text>Map</text>
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                <text> Mesozoic</text>
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                <text> Paleontology</text>
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                <text> Paleozoic</text>
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                <text> Sedimentology</text>
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        <name>Arthurton Group</name>
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              <text>Gunn</text>
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              <text>Antarctica</text>
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                <text>Gunn, Bernard Maurice.</text>
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                <text>1962</text>
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                <text>Differentiation in ferrar dolerites, Antarctica</text>
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                <text>Igneous petrology</text>
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