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      <name>OU Geology thesis</name>
      <description>Thesis or dissertation completed by University of Otago Geology students</description>
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              <text>POLYGON ((170.02817540447964 -45.268291576849421,170.094815151985898 -45.218205922332999,170.178048123456904 -45.21314942431183,170.17755797004574 -45.24856491534991,170.129091369682442 -45.248546776547997,170.064604903273136 -45.289478721597312,170.02817540447964 -45.268291576849421))</text>
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              <text>Brooks</text>
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              <text>Carter, R.M.</text>
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          <description>The Abstract for this thesis</description>
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              <text>The area under study covers 35 sq km and is located on the eastern margin of the upper Maniototo basin, lying approximately between Patearoa and Hamiltons diggings. 
Two contrasting geological provinces are juxtaposed across a broadly linear fault, produced during the late mid-Miocene phase of compressional tectonics. To the east of the fault lies the Haast Schist terrain, consisting of textural zone 3b pumpellyite-actinolite facies and textural zone 2b semischists. To the west of the trace, a tertiary sequence of fluvial/ lacustrinal Manuherikia Group sediments rests uncomfortably on schist basement, having been protected from erosion by block faulting. Piedmont gravels of the Maori Bottom gravels overlie these sediments, in some places with strong angular unconformity and in others apparently conformably. A new subdivision of the Maori Bottom gravels based on this and other criteria is attempted. Deposition of river terraces completed the sedimentary history. 
Three small outliers of the Waipiata Volcanic Complex are described. A detailed analysis of the sedimentological history of alluvial gold throughout the region is given.</text>
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              <text>Geology</text>
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              <text>Maniototo</text>
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              <text>118 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm.</text>
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                <text>1980Brooks</text>
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                <text>Brooks, Peter Kenneth.</text>
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                <text>1980</text>
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                <text>Geology of the Upper Eastern Maniototo.</text>
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                <text> metamorphic and Sediment geology</text>
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        <name>Wanaka/Albert Town/Hawea/Cardrona River/Clutha River/Mount Barker Formation/moraines/Otago Region</name>
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              <text>POLYGON ((171.158015286759451 -42.795973673589764,171.015461777425855 -42.79216154836562,171.017204357326563 -42.707133214884308,171.16019516922043 -42.711426207381741,171.158015286759451 -42.795973673589764))</text>
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              <text>Almond</text>
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              <text>Carter, R.M. </text>
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          <name>Abstract</name>
          <description>The Abstract for this thesis</description>
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              <text>A late Cainozoic, regressive sedimentary sequence near Hokitika consisting of marine, transitional, non-marine and glacial sediments is described. Results of palaeomagnetic work on a section through the fossiliferous siltstones of the Blue Bottom group are presented and from this it is concluded that the Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary occurs in the upper part of the Blue Bottom Group. The glacial sediments of the Ross Glaciation (Jones FoLmation, Old Man Group) are therefore of early Pleistocene age. 
The fauna of the Blue Bottom group has been examined in an attempt to clarify the meaning of the term Kanieri as used by Hutton (1873). The conclusion is reached that this is a general term which was applied to specimens collected from Blue Bottom sediments in the GreymouthHokitika area and that it was not used to denote a single specific locality. 
The species described or listed by Hutton (1873) from Kanieri are reviewed and the species Chlamys (MimachZamys) scandula (Hutton) (=Pecten scandula) is revived and a neotype proposed. Two new species, Sectipecten problematicus and Aeneator sylvanum, and two new subspecies, Pelicaria marima arahura and Phalium (Mauicassis) fibratum occidentaZis, are described. A new fossil of Cavolinia tridentata is also described: Cavolinia tridentata forma zelandica.</text>
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          <name>OURArchive handle</name>
          <description>The handle from the Otago University Research Archive (OURArchive)</description>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://hdl.handle.net/10523/3024"&gt;http://hdl.handle.net/10523/3024&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>Abstract Only</text>
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          <name>Department</name>
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              <text>Geology</text>
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          <name>Named locality</name>
          <description>Named locality describing the field area location.</description>
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              <text>Kaniere</text>
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          <name>Thesis description</name>
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              <text>363 p. : ill. (some col.), chart, map ; 30 cm.</text>
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                <text>1980Almond</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="31084">
                <text>Almond, Carol Susan.</text>
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                <text>1980</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>The Pliocene : Early Pleistocene geology of the Kaniere district, Hokitika.</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Map</text>
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                <text> Paleontology</text>
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                <text> Sedimentary petrology</text>
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        <name>Blue Bottom</name>
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        <name>Cavolina tridentata</name>
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        <name>paleomagnetism</name>
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                  <text>Geology theses</text>
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      <name>OU Geology thesis</name>
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          <name>Author last name</name>
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              <text>Williams</text>
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          <name>Project type</name>
          <description>Is it an MSc, PhD, BSc(Hons) or PGDipSci?</description>
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              <text>PGDipSci</text>
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          <name>Advisers</name>
          <description>Who supervised/advised this student</description>
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              <text>Carter, R.M.</text>
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          <name>Abstract</name>
          <description>The Abstract for this thesis</description>
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              <text>An area of the east Otago continental shelf, south of Otago Peninsula was investigated using dredged sediment samples and, to a lesser extent, seismic profiles, sidsescan sono-graphs and piston cores. 
Relict and reworked gravels and sands cover the middle and outer shelf. Associated with these are relict faunas and relict topography (a drowned barrier system). Inshore of the gravels, two bands of modern sediment are moving northwards over the inner shelf. The innermost band is derived from the Otago schists via the Clutha (and Taieri) River while the outer band is derived from Tuhuan plutonic rocks further south. Offshore of the relict sediment modern bioclastic sands and gravels (Mollusca and Bryozoa) cover the outer shelf. Heavy and light mineral traces are useful in distinguishing sediment of contrasting provenance. 
The response of sediment to the modern hydrodynamic regime is evaluated and the origin of the midshelf relict topography discussed. 
Evidence for former stands of sea level at midshelf depths is considered and some modification to local sea level curves is suggested.</text>
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          <name>Department</name>
          <description>The department where the student is studying primarily.</description>
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              <text>Geology</text>
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          <name>Named locality</name>
          <description>Named locality describing the field area location.</description>
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              <text>Taieri Bight</text>
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              <text> offshore</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="31077">
              <text> Saunders Ridge</text>
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          <name>Thesis description</name>
          <description>Number of pages, maps, CDs, etc.</description>
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              <text>108 leaves : 2 transparencies (in pocket), illus. (part col.) ; 30 cm.</text>
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                <text>1979Williams</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="31068">
                <text>Williams, Julia Jane.</text>
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                <text>1979</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Quaternary sedimentation of the North Taieri Bight, Otago continental shelf.</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>Sedimentary petrology</text>
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                <text> Marine geology</text>
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        <name>bryozoa</name>
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        <name>relict gravel</name>
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              <text>POLYGON ((167.649548416000016 -45.342765104999955,167.627646466000101 -45.344260030999976,167.627246164000098 -45.343539864999968,167.595193962000053 -45.285812539999938,167.646166727000036 -45.258094748999952,167.646319889000097 -45.258148369999958,167.661435641000025 -45.263438812999937,167.697853712000096 -45.276314722999984,167.737161115000049 -45.290247198999964,167.732881904000124 -45.334611912999947,167.732870179000088 -45.334733367999945,167.732799638000074 -45.335464087999981,167.732775972000013 -45.335688441999935,167.722938104000036 -45.33647239499993,167.650913795000065 -45.342648476999955,167.649548416000016 -45.342765104999955))</text>
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              <text>Jamieson</text>
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              <text>Carter, R.M.</text>
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              <text>Fiordland gneiss, epidiorite and granodiorite are mapped and described together with an onlapping transgressive sequence of Cainozoic sediments. Amphibolite, plagioclase-biotite-hornblende gneiss and plagioclase-biotite. gneiss are differentiated within the gneisses previously mapped by Wood (1962) as Wet Jacket Formation. A basic intrusion, the Garden Point Epidiorite, occurs in the southern part of the study area, and is considered an offshoot of the main Mt. Luxmore basic and ultrabasic intrusive body. The synmetamorphic Takahe Granodiorite (new name) occupies the greatest area in the region studied and is considered similar to other Eastern Fiordland acid intrusives. 
Whole rock geochemical analysis was undertaken on the gneiss, epidiorite and granodiorite. The results obtained were used in correlation with other Eastern Fiordland rocks as well as providing information on depth and temperature of emplacement (granodiorite), primary lithology (gneisses) and cryptic variation (epidiorite). 
The onlapping Cainozoic sediments are studied, and type sections proposed for the formations originally named by McKellar (1956). Thirteen lithofacies (A - M) are recognized within the sequence. Palaeontological, petrographic and sedimentologic evidence is used to infer a depositional history and palaeogeography, The sediments, non and shallow marine sandstones and limestones overlain disconformably by a condensed sequence, hemipelagic muds, redeposited sands and flysch are strongly influenced by the interpreted tectonic history of the Moonlight Tectonic Zone.</text>
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              <text>Geology</text>
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          <name>Named locality</name>
          <description>Named locality describing the field area location.</description>
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              <text>Takahe Valley</text>
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              <text>97 leaves : illus. (part col.) map. (col. in pocket) ; 30 cm.</text>
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                <text>1979Jamieson</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="30996">
                <text>Jamieson, Bryan Stuart, 1956-</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="30997">
                <text>1979</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Geology of the Takahe valley area, Eastern Fiordland.</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="31004">
                <text>Map</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="31005">
                <text> Geochemistry</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="31006">
                <text> Igneous petrology</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="31007">
                <text> Metamorphic geology</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="31008">
                <text> Sedimentology</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="31009">
                <text> Cenozoic</text>
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      <tag tagId="286">
        <name>epidiorite</name>
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        <name>gneiss</name>
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        <name>granodiorite</name>
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      <name>OU Geology thesis</name>
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              <text>POLYGON ((167.319926339169086 -46.230938908774903,167.398805834655548 -45.606059936729622,169.382835275988839 -45.700576956785675,169.324976341123374 -46.652507133277147,169.256459797070193 -46.668143028945323,169.089785357096844 -46.67684854491354,168.918165602435352 -46.681561679411423,168.834286746215497 -46.624951237329611,168.787288367027259 -46.562500198257936,168.706075728260004 -46.541614033185127,168.534199032885937 -46.61718214711243,168.418719401432895 -46.634040421075177,168.303327634944111 -46.529326555638015,168.283404307689693 -46.460630430996879,168.177021531029794 -46.37759108063802,168.111448921575033 -46.36051040356714,167.997075396075331 -46.369841192340381,167.870053258651808 -46.403496022869703,167.777500347978531 -46.399295439686227,167.71310216883893 -46.317732541666942,167.645765594995908 -46.26814708107004,167.510894900373501 -46.226006468906412,167.374445943503702 -46.251506514990965,167.303455002844572 -46.240834629324425,167.299809635800045 -46.226361729467889,167.319926339169086 -46.230938908774903))</text>
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              <text>Hyden</text>
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              <text>PhD</text>
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          <description>Who supervised/advised this student</description>
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              <text>Carter, R.M.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="30967">
              <text>Campbell, J.D.</text>
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          <name>Abstract</name>
          <description>The Abstract for this thesis</description>
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              <text>Mid-Tertiary temperate-water shelf carbonates are extensively developed in Southland and provide excellent examples of Bryozoan-dominated bioclastic sediments which can be matched with smilar bryozoan-dominated assemblages accumulating on the Otago shelf today. Tertiary sedimentation in the Southland Plains and adjacent areas can be attributed to a simple transgressive-regressive episode on which was superimposed local tectonic events and regional palaeo-oceanographic and eustatic sea-level changes.&#13;
Late Cretaceous-Eocene alluvial, lacustrine and deltaic sediments uncomfortably overlie basement rocks. East of the Oreti River, marginal marine beds grade up into shallow marine mudstones of the Winton Hill Formation (early-mid Oligocene, Lwh-Ld) and highly glauconitic sandy mudstones, algal foraminiferid biomicsparrudites and glauconitic biomicrites (Waimea Member) of the Chatton Formation (late Oligocene; Ld-Lw). At Castle Rock, shallow marine mudstones underly foraminiferid-algal and bryozoan biomicsparites of the Caslte Downs FOrmation (late Oligocene-early Miocene; LD-Po). Laterla facies variations suggest a complex coastal and nearshore physiography; the disposition of coars, basement-derived detritus and algal-rich sediment suggests the presence of locally emergent basement highs.&#13;
Evidence of very low sedimentation rates, periods of non-deposition, vigourous nearshore erosion is provided by abundant (oolitic) glauconite and limonite, phosphatised (intra)clasts, and a high degree of bioturbation, five omission surfaces occur at the top of the Chatton Formation at Woody Knoll. Coarse, channelised and sheet-like congrolmerates occur locally above the discontinuity (Sharks Tooth Hill Member, Forest Hill Formation) and tectonic instrability may have caused mass failure of coarse detritus.&#13;
The conglomerates coincide with a change in sedimentary regime - from inner neritic calcareous sandntones, algal-foraminiferid biosparites, or bivalve-cirriped biomicsparrudites (locally formaing a submarine hard ground) to mid-outer neritic bryozoan-dominated facies (Woody Knoll Member, FOrest Hill Formation). The absence of corals and green algae, calcareouse ooids and pallets, and chemically precipitated micrite is consistent with temperate rather than troopical palalatitudes.&#13;
Bryozoan rudites are the dominant facies within the Forest Hill Formation (late Oligocene-early Miocene; ?Lw··Pl), but fluctuating wind and wave-dominated hydraulic regimes and an irregular sea-floor topography gave rise to a complex mosaic of terrigenous-rich and terrigenous poor bioclastic facies. Twenty-seven traction-emplaced or in situ bioclastic or terrigenous facies and three mass-emplaced facies, plus a number of subfacies, have been recognised. Once a bryozoan-brachiopod and thence bryozoan-dominated assemblage became established through an ecological succession, bryozoans and associated faunas covered considerable areas of the sea-floor during a period of tectonic quiescence. Fragmented bryozoan skeletons, mostly cylindrical branching forms, provided adequate substrate for growth of successive colonies and although in situ colonies were rare, broken colonies have not been transported far from their living site. Nodular, free-living hemispherical and hermit bryozoan colonies are particularly conspicuous. &#13;
Eocene-Oligocene sedimentation patterns west of the Oreti River contrasted with that exposed in the Forest Hill - Fernhill district and at Castle Rock. Rapidly subsiding flysch basins developed in the Waiau and Te Anau areas, coinciding with inception of the Alpine Fault oblique continental plate boundary. Smaller N-NNE trending fault-controlled basins were also established, and rapidly filled, east of the Longwoods (Oreti-Aparima basin) and east of the Takitimu Mountains (Braxton basin).&#13;
 The sequence at Clifden and in the Alton Burn records sedimentation on the margin of the Waiau flysch basin. Basal (Eocene) non-marine and marginal marine carbonaceous mudstones and sandstones with thin lignite horizons are overlain by richly microfossiliferous early-mid Oligocene (Lwh-Ld) deep--water mudstones. These sediments, probably deposited on the basinal slope, correspond to the period of maximum transgression further east; they grade up into late Oligocene sandy mudstones and bryozoan-molluscan-foraminiferid biosparites (Te Karara Formation).&#13;
 Emplacement of thick conglomerates (Sharks Tooth Hill Member) heralded an abrupt change in sedimentary regime - from off shore mudstcnes to shallower, neritic bryozoan rudites (Woody Knoll Member). The apparently younger age of the Forest Hill Formation at Clifden (Po-Pl) compared to that at Forest Hill (?Lw-Pl) is consistent with westward progradation of the carbonate shelf across the now-filled Oreti-Aparima basin and the partially, if not totally submerged Longwoods basement high. Neritic channels provided a conduit for transporting bioclastic sediments into the still subsiding Waiau basin.&#13;
A gradual increase in terrigenous detritus towards the top of the Forest Hill Formation reflects gradual shoaling. At Forest Hill, the limestones are overlain by inner neritic sandy mudstones and carbonaceous facies, and the regressive sequence mirrors that of the transgression. At Clifden, the limestones are overlain by neritic sandstones (mid-Miocene).&#13;
Sedimentation rates of the order of 1-2 cm/1000 years are considered likely for the Forest Hill Formation. Such low rates of deposition in a temperate water envirorunent periodically gave rise to CaCO3 undersaturation. Consequent sea-floor dissolution of aragonitic and some high-Mg calcite skeletons was arrested only by early lithification in micritic sediments, or by low permeability (e.g. in terrigenous mud-rich sediments). &#13;
The observed diagenetic sequence within ·the Forest Hill and Castle Downs formations can be explained by restricted submarine cementation, or close to the sediment-water interface (soft sediment to a depth of several cms was widespread). With shallow burial (tens of metres), ferroan calcites were widely precipitated (phreatic zone). Evidence of subsequent uplift east of the Longwoods is provided by vadose goethite cements which postdate early ferroan calcite rim cements and predate mesogenetic, pore--filling ferroan sparrites. At Castle Rock, the position of a fossil water table can be delineated on the basis of goethite distribution. A more complex diagenetic sequence occurs in facies associated with a submarine hardground at Forest Hill.. Six distinct cement generations are recognised, including ferromanganese and haematite/goethite phases.&#13;
Oligocene-Miocene limestone turbidites of the Waiau and Braxton basins are of comparable lithology to the bioclastic limestones of the Forest Hill and Castle Downs formations, but the turbidites possess quite different diagenetic histories which reflect their different depositional and diagenetic environments. The role of compaction is probably the single most important factor in diagenesis of the limestones. Coarse calcarenite to calcirudite grade bioclastic sediments have been sufficiently compacted to reduce high initial porosities to less than 10%. Dissolution of aragonitic skeletons, interpenetrative grain contacts, and selective intergranular solution of bioclasts within terrigenous clay-rich horizons, provided sufficient carbonate solutions to further reduce this porosity to less than 2%.</text>
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              <text>Geology</text>
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          <name>Named locality</name>
          <description>Named locality describing the field area location.</description>
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              <text>Southland</text>
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              <text>487 p., 44 leaves of plates : ill (some col.) ; 30 cm.</text>
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                <text>1979Hyden_FM</text>
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                <text>Hyden, Fiona Mary.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="30963">
                <text>1979</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="30965">
                <text>Mid-tertiary temperate shelf bioclastic limestones, Southland, New Zealand.</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="30971">
                <text>Mineralogy</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="30972">
                <text> Paleontology</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="30973">
                <text> Sedimentology</text>
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                <text> Cenozoic</text>
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        <name>brachiopods</name>
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        <name>bryozoa</name>
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        <name>glauconite</name>
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        <name>limonite</name>
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      <tag tagId="285">
        <name>paleoecology</name>
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        <src>https://theses.otagogeology.org.nz/files/original/6c3d52fafa41acccc650e252ce7508ea.pdf</src>
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              <text>POLYGON ((169.324672369190665 -46.640010217113463,169.328263145141506 -46.617621825305292,169.379499629133051 -46.618899676620167,169.377482405908495 -46.641339504291388,169.324672369190665 -46.640010217113463))</text>
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              <text>Geary</text>
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              <text>BSc(Hons)</text>
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              <text>Carter, R.M.</text>
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          <name>Abstract</name>
          <description>The Abstract for this thesis</description>
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              <text>Chaslands Mistake is a prominent headland lying on the south-east Otago coast, within N.Z.M. sheets S183 and S184. Access is from the Balclutha-Invercargill coast road, via the Cathedral Caves track and Waipati Beach. Approximately one hour is required from the road to the Chasland's Headland; the Waipati Estuary can only be forded at half to low tide levels. 
The only previous detailed geological work done at Chaslands Mistake is that by Speden (1971 ), described in "Geology of the Papatowai Subdivision", Geological Survey Bulletin 81, which covers the northern side of the headland. 
This report presents the results of a (somewhat) more detailed investigation into the geology of Chaslands Mistake, with particular emphasis on the sedimentary geology. The sediments in the coastal section are described. using the (now well established) technique of facies analysis (e.go Reading, 1970; Selley, 1970). The spatial distribution of facies associations is indicated on a map of Chaslands Mistake and facies relationships in a vertical sequence shown on Section A. 
The geography of the headland is dominated by high coastal cliffs along the southern coast. Away from the coast the land is covered by thick bush which makes detailed sedimentary work impractical on anything other than the coastal exposures. 
The map of Chaslands Mistake was drawn from 1 inch : 60 chain topographic mapping sheets obtained from the Lands and Survey Department. Detail was added from air-photos N.Z.M.S. Runs 15 95/39-41. Topographic heights have been transformed to metric units. Various localities have been informally named(i.e. South Bay), and location numbers (i.e. hoc 1) added for ease of reference. 
Early maps of the Catlins area depict the Jurassic sedimentary rocks in biostratigraphic terms. This approach was also used in the New Zealand Surveys 1:250 000 Geological Map of New Zealand. The first worker to attempt a formational subdivision of Cat1ins geology was Speden (1971), whose comprehensive bulletin provides a lithostratigraphic framework for the rocks of the district. The Chaslands Mistake area falls at the extreme southwest of the area mapped by Speden, only partly lying within his map boundaries. Chaslands Mistake lies on the southern limb of the Fortification Syncline, one of several parasitic fold.s mapped by Speden on the "south limb" of the regional Southland Syncline.</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://hdl.handle.net/10523/2798"&gt;http://hdl.handle.net/10523/2798&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>Open Access</text>
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              <text>Geology</text>
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              <text>Chaslands Mistake</text>
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              <text>84 leaves : illus., maps in pocket ; 30 cm.</text>
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                <text>Geary, Geoffrey Clive.</text>
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                <text>1976</text>
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                <text>Jurassic sediments at Chaslands mistake.</text>
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                <text> Lithostratigraphy</text>
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                <text> Mesozoic</text>
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              <text>POLYGON ((166.599426481874445 -46.09324856998812,166.704169622877401 -46.097898824314839,166.686003467591632 -46.233851288454161,166.583700718328487 -46.228132017491291,166.599426481874445 -46.09324856998812))</text>
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              <text>Lindqvist</text>
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              <text>Carter, R.M.</text>
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              <text>Tertiary sedimentation in the area about Puysegur Point, S.W. Fiordland, New Zealand, began in the Lower Oligocene. Puysegur Formation, the basal stratigraphic unit of the sequence, comprises lower deltaic plain and delta mouth coals, mudstone, sandstones and conglomerate, marine beach sands, and near-shore tide deposited sands and mudstone, interfingering with breccia conglomerate deposited as alluvial fans backed against Ordovician basement. 
Conformably overlying Puysegur Formation, the Sealers Formation consists of terrigenous muddy flysch interbedded with thick sandstones, medium to thin bedded sandy flysch, and locally, conglomerates near the base. The conglomerates and thickly bedded sandstones were deposited from inertia flows in feeder channels incised into muddy flysch of the inner submarine fan and basin slope. The graded and massive bedded sandy flysch sediments represent proximal turbidity current and inertia flow deposition on the middle fan. Soft sediment deformation structures are abundant, reflecting an inherent instability of the depositional slope. Derived from local basement, sandstones are arkosic. Mudstones contain a kaolinite-illite clay mineral assemblage. The trace fossil Chondrites is characteristic of the fine grained sediment. 
Outcropping as a fault bounded structural block, the highest stratigraphic unit, Chalky Island Formation, comprises about 390m of calcareous turbidites. Generally, each bed grades from sand into montmorillinite-nanno-marl and is terminated by a nanno-plankton chalk interbed. Several amalgamated thick sandstone units and rare breccias are present, representing a progradation of the submarine fan. The sandstones are arkosic and contain a transported, shelf derived, abraided macrofauna. Flute and groove molds indicate a southerly turbidity current flow direction, parallel with the subsequent main tectonic trend. 
The chalk beds accumulated during periods of no turbidity current deposition, largely from fall-out of nannoflora from the euphotic zone. Some thickening of the chalk from low velocity bottom current redeposition may have occurred. Examined by both light and scanning electron microscopy, the nannofossil assemblage has strong open ocean affinities. The moderately well preserved Lower Oligocene assemblage is dominated by coccoliths of the Ericsonia ovalis, Chiasmolithus oamaruensis, and Reticulofenestra umbilica species groups. 
A diverse suite of trace fossils in Chalky Island Formation is dominated by ichnogenera, notably Zoophycus and Chondrites, that have been identified from Recent and fossil ocean floor drill cores. This contrasts with the typically littoral assemblage in Puysegur Formation. The change in sedimentation style, from largely traction current deposited fluvio-marine sediments in Puysegur Formation to inertia flow and turbidity current emplaced sands of Sealers Formation, together with oceanic oozes in Chalky Island Formation in equated with an episode of rapid tectonic depression of northerly trending flysch troughs of west Southland and Westland.</text>
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              <text>Geology</text>
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              <text>Puysegur Point</text>
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              <text> Fiordland</text>
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              <text>ix, 163 p. : illus., maps ; 31 cm.</text>
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                <text>1975Lindqvist</text>
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                <text>Lindqvist, Jon Kenneth.</text>
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                <text>1975</text>
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                <text>Stratigraphy of the Balleny Group at Puysegur Point, South West Fiordland, New Zealand</text>
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                <text>Map</text>
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                <text> Lithostratigraphy</text>
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                <text> Cenozoic</text>
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        <name>Chalky Island Formation</name>
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        <name>Puysegur Formation</name>
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        <src>https://theses.otagogeology.org.nz/files/original/3fc7baa14c7350d9b47d8ccb1130edbc.pdf</src>
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              <text>POLYGON ((171.254056964749822 -44.561508676777478,170.487140854458602 -44.545298026708949,170.517738315441193 -44.04872478814336,171.285975715325833 -44.06522099598795,171.254056964749822 -44.561508676777478))</text>
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              <text>Douglas</text>
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              <text>Carter, R.M.</text>
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              <text>The Lower Miocene Bluecliffs Silt and Southburn Sand (505 m thick) form the regressive sequence of sediments exposed at the Upper Tengawai River section, South Canterbury. 
The sedimentologic, coarse fraction, microfauna, macrofauna and stratigraphic relationships of these sediments are investigated to provide multi-variable criteria for paleoenvironmental interpretation. 
The Bluecliffs Silt is a predominantly massive bedded sandy mud-sandy silt which is divided into lower and upper members. The Upper Bluecliffs Member is readily distinguished from the lower member by the coarser grain size, higher glauconite content, abundant biogenic structures and disparities in the micro and macrofauna. Southburn Sand Exe Creek Member sediments comprise pi-cross-stratified sands, homogenous fine sand beds, and shell beds. The Te Ngawai Member exhibits a diversity of complex interbedded lithologies from which eight lithofacies are recognized and which present good evidence of cyclicity. These illustrate gradations from cross-stratified coarse to medium sands, flaser and alternating sand and mud beds through to intensely bioturbated muds, and lignite seams. 
Sediments were analysed according to the empirically based statistical techniques of Passega, Rizzini, Visher and Folk. These techniques have been proposed for the interpretation of mechanisms of transport, and the depositional environment of sediments from grain size data. Under low energy conditions, fine sediment deposition by suspension was dominant in the Lower Bluecliffs Silt environment. The currents increased in intensity locally in the Lower Bluecliffs Silt, and in the Upper Bluecliffs Silt environment they were associated with the progressive shallowing of the sea. Shoreward, Exe Creek Member sediments were comparable with Recent high energy wave agitated littoral - beach and moderate energy sheltered nearshore environments. Te Ngawai Member sediments indicate a diversity of sediment transport mechanisms ranging from high energy, predominantly bedload sedimentation, medium-low energy fluctuating saltation and suspension sedimentation, through to low energy, suspension dominated sedimentation. The widely fluctuating range of current velocities indicated for the Te Ngawai Member typify Recent and ancient tidal-flat estuarine environments. 
Coarse fraction analyses reveal sediments of comparable identity with those described from the Recent Central Texas shelf environment - Lower Bluecliffs Silt resembles outer shelf; Upper Bluecliffs Silt, inner shelf; and Exe Creek Member, gulf beach and inlet environments. Variations in coarse fraction composition within the Bluecliffs Silt are interpreted in relation to their geographic and bathymetric location on an inferred topographic profile, constructed from variations in mean grain size. 
The ratio of benthonic-planktonic foraminiferids in the Bluecliffs Silt indicates higher concentrations of benthonic foraminiferids on the offshore topographic highs. The benthonic foraminiferids also progressively increase (in the Upper Bluecliffs Silt and Exe Creek Member) towards the shore. The generic distribution of benthic foraminiferids and ostracods from the Lower and Upper Bluecliffs and Exe Creek Member are respectively similar to Recent foraminiferid and ostracod associations in outer shelf, inner shelf and nearshore-littoral environments. 
A number of foraminiferids common to forms which adhere to vegetation in Recent environments occur in both the Bluecliffs Silt and Exe Creek Member. They thereby infer that the depth at which these sediments were deposited was no greater than the maximum depth at which photosynthesis occurred. 
Nine major benthic macrofaunal assemblages have been recognized, and may be distinguished by differences in taxonomy, trophic type, density, diversity and mode of life, that may be related to inferred geographic position, environmental stability and food resources. Bluecliffs Silt assemblages (six) were defined on the relative numerical abundance of taxa; The similar recurring bathymetric and geographic location of these assemblages on the Bluecliffs sea floor further l substantiates the validity of the topographic profile technique. 
Macrofaunal assemblages defined are as follows: (1) Pteromyrtea-Notocorbula Assemblage (2) Limopsis-Notocorbula Assemblage (3) Flabellum-Notocorbula Assemblage ( 4) Limopsis- Notocorbula-Zeacolpus Assemblage (5) Zeacolpus-Austrofusus - SpissateZZa Assemblage (6) - Notocorbula-Zeacolpus-Waiparia Assemblage (7) Glycymeris-Waiparia-Amalda Assemblage (8) Ophiomorpha Assemblage (9) Bartrumia Assemblage. 
Macrofaunal assemblages (1~9) indicate a broad variation in depth from moderate shelf depths, progressively shallowing to shallow water-intertidal depths. 
Local variations in sea floor relief on the Bluecliffs Shelf may be similar to ridge and swale topography known from Recent shelf environments. Variations in grain size and rates of sedimentation caused by estuaries dissipating sediment by tidal flow onto the shelf, may have been capable of moulding sea floor topography. 
Stratigraphic relationships, together with sedimentation structures and grain size data facilitate the detailed interpretation of Southburn Sand lithofacies. Exe Creek Member depositional environments exhibit a transition through a marine subtidal nearshore high energy zone, offshore bar, and intertidal-beach zone. Te Ngawai Member stratigraphy represents a tidal flat-estuarine environment and within which the following depositional environments are recognized: (1) intertidal sand bar (2) a wide diversity of tidal channel types (3) outer low tidal flats (4) outer high mud flats (5) mid tidal iii flats (6) inner low tidal flats (7) inner high mud flats (8) marshland.
The cyclic succession of Te Ngawai Member lithofacies exhibit fining and coarsening upward sequences that reflect the zonation of sediment transport processes across intertidal flats. From these sequences a quantitative measure of paleotidal range of 2.2 - 3.5(+) metres has been calculated for the Southburn Sand depositional environment.</text>
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              <text>Geology</text>
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          <name>Named locality</name>
          <description>Named locality describing the field area location.</description>
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              <text>Tengawai River</text>
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              <text> upper</text>
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              <text>325 leaves : illus. (part col.), 2 fold. tables in pocket ; 30 cm.</text>
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                <text>1975Douglas</text>
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                <text>Douglas, B. J. (Barry James), 1947-</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="30357">
                <text>1975</text>
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                <text>Paleoenvironmental analysis of a lower Miocene regressive sequence, Upper Tengawai River, South Canterbury, New Zealand.</text>
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                <text>Map</text>
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                <text> Sedimentology</text>
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                <text> Paleontology</text>
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              <text>POLYGON ((166.603676563107427 -46.018031336973308,166.65911596528025 -46.080084975838837,166.576013260586905 -46.10150711667594,166.542548755981869 -46.049593418330119,166.603676563107427 -46.018031336973308))</text>
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              <text>Badger</text>
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              <text>Carter, R.M.</text>
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              <text>Rock exposure on Gulches Head Peninsula; in Anchorage Cove; and northwards to Stripe Head comprises a basement of metamorphosed Lower Ordovician and Tuhua Sequence flysch sediments and quartzites which have been intruded by four different intrusive rock types. Mafic Alkali Diorite dykes and sills were probably intruded into low stratigraphic levels of Tuhua sediments during the Tuhua Orogenic Cycles. Three other intrusive rock types (members of the Kakapo Granite Batholith) were intruded following the metamorphism of the Tuhua sediments and intrusives - possibly during the Rangitata Orogeny. Low stratigraphic represents of an ?Oligocene transgressive sequence (Kaikoura Sequence sediments) unconformably overlie the basement Tuhua Sequence and ?Rangitata Sequence rocks. 
Two new Lower Ordovician fossil localities, containing Lancefieldian (La2) graptolite faunas, are described. 
Detailed investigation of the supposed Last Cove Fault was completed in Edwardson, Cunaris and Long Sounds, and although geomorphologic criteria strongly suggest the presence of this fault within the Tuhua Sequence meta-sediments between Cunaris and Long Sounds and possibly between Cunaris and Edwardson Sounds, no geologic evidence to support this interpretation has been found.
A sea level magnetometer survey was undertaken in Chalky and Preservation Inlets. Survey courses and magnetic contours are presented with a short discussion.</text>
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          <description>The department where the student is studying primarily.</description>
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              <text>Geology</text>
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          <name>Named locality</name>
          <description>Named locality describing the field area location.</description>
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              <text>Gulches Head Peninsula</text>
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              <text> Fiordland</text>
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          <name>Thesis description</name>
          <description>Number of pages, maps, CDs, etc.</description>
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              <text>100 leaves : illus., maps (fold.) ; 29 cm.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>1973Badger</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="30088">
                <text>Badger, Chris P.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="30089">
                <text>1973</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="30091">
                <text>Geology of Gulches Head Peninsula, S.W. Fiordland</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="30097">
                <text>Map</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="30098">
                <text> Igneous petrology</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="30099">
                <text> Paleontology</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="30100">
                <text> Sedimentology</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="30101">
                <text> Structural geology</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
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    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="167">
        <name>graptolites</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="168">
        <name>Last Cove Fault</name>
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      <file fileId="68">
        <src>https://theses.otagogeology.org.nz/files/original/80fad5e4a7a97abe63673368228527fc.pdf</src>
        <authentication>7651b03788fbbf7a01f892dbd768ff41</authentication>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="1">
                  <text>Geology theses</text>
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      <name>OU Geology thesis</name>
      <description>Thesis or dissertation completed by University of Otago Geology students</description>
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        <element elementId="62">
          <name>Location WKT (WGS84)</name>
          <description>The location stored in WKT (WGS84) format</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="30052">
              <text>POLYGON ((171.011283212158588 -44.983679660099135,170.997354425548565 -45.209700241465967,170.934034499633299 -45.209048274463626,170.788281971116987 -45.162017952868545,170.800579725090955 -44.982196275803254,170.71469614918513 -44.981461855084532,170.717164434973682 -44.927004877090283,170.820369093839417 -44.92796583111263,170.980238230890563 -44.9172947272938,171.011283212158588 -44.983679660099135))</text>
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          <name>Author last name</name>
          <description>Last name of the Author</description>
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              <text>Watt</text>
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          <name>Project type</name>
          <description>Is it an MSc, PhD, BSc(Hons) or PGDipSci?</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="30056">
              <text>BSc(Hons)</text>
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          <name>Advisers</name>
          <description>Who supervised/advised this student</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="30058">
              <text>Carter, R.M.</text>
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          <name>Abstract</name>
          <description>The Abstract for this thesis</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="30059">
              <text>A detailed study has been carried out on the contact relationships between the McDonald Limestone, Kokoamu Greensand, Otekaike Limestone, and Gee Greensand formations at Gee's Bay, and elsewhere in the Oamaru district. 
At Gee's Bay, Otekaike Limestone (Tahatika Member) of Lower Miocene (Waitakian) age rests paraconformably on the phosphatised, corroded, and burrowed upper surface of McDonald Limestone of Lower Oligocene (Whaingaroan) age. Seesile organisms and abundant blocks and pebbles of McDonald Limestone in the Tahatika Member indicate that a hardground was developed on the top of the MoDonald Limestone during the Upper Oligocene (Duntroonian). 
The upper surface of the McDonald Limestone in other sections is marked by solution breccias stylolites, algal oncolites, and widespread phosphatisation, suggesting that this hardground surface represented shallow marine conditions, and is widespread over at least 300km2 in the Oamaru district.</text>
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        <element elementId="59">
          <name>Department</name>
          <description>The department where the student is studying primarily.</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="30060">
              <text>Geology</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="61">
          <name>Named locality</name>
          <description>Named locality describing the field area location.</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="30061">
              <text>Gees Bay</text>
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              <text> Oamaru</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="60">
          <name>Thesis description</name>
          <description>Number of pages, maps, CDs, etc.</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="30066">
              <text>73 leaves : maps (1 in pocket), plates ; 29 1/2 cm.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="30051">
                <text>1972Watt</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="30054">
                <text>Watt, Daphne E.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="30055">
                <text>1972</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="30057">
                <text>Study on a mid-tertiary unconformity at Gee's Bay and in the Oamaru district</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="30063">
                <text>Map</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="30064">
                <text> Sedimentary petrology</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="30065">
                <text> Cenozoic</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="162">
        <name>burrows</name>
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      <tag tagId="163">
        <name>oncolites</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="160">
        <name>phosphatisation</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="161">
        <name>stromatolite</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="164">
        <name>stylolites</name>
      </tag>
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