1 10 24 https://theses.otagogeology.org.nz/files/original/a97e20d72071f2d79947fba74fedb076.pdf d4f16229753f4c5e47691f1a28692619 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Geology theses OU Geology thesis Thesis or dissertation completed by University of Otago Geology students Location WKT (WGS84) The location stored in WKT (WGS84) format POLYGON ((170.277021565143826 -45.141364077055364,170.366763239514626 -45.118223753006156,170.418038602108425 -45.174651007440978,170.440624097871961 -45.166585569337698,170.475141805506098 -45.19971572215271,170.371266383587852 -45.238811946066626,170.277021565143826 -45.141364077055364)) Author last name Last name of the Author Sang Lyen Project type Is it an MSc, PhD, BSc(Hons) or PGDipSci? MSc Advisers Who supervised/advised this student Coombs, D.S. Abstract The Abstract for this thesis INRODUCTION A geological investigation of part of Swinburn Survey District , North-east Otago_was undertaken in partial fulfillment for requirements of the degree of 1'-l.Sc. at the University of Otago, Dunedin. The area covers about 42 square miles at the western foot-hills o~ Kakanui Ranges and forms the most-easterly extension of Maniototo Plain. Much of the area is under 2 1500 feet elevation above sea-level. Swinburn Peak (Trig. I., 2 1395 feet), Flat Hill (Trig. K. , 2,760 feet ), and Trig. L (2,536 feet) ,are the most elevated areas. However, the lowest recorded elavations are greater than 11 300 feet. Field work was based on use of aerial photographsj' sujljllemented by the New Zealand Cadastral 1\-fap Survey District Series, Otago (OT ) 77, and Williamson (1939, Map. No.5). A base map of the area ~as compiled from the aerial photographs and then the geographic features were incorporated from data given in the Cadastral Map, Otago (OT) 77. The final map (Pl.1) was not drawn on the conventional scheme, but its orientation has been selected to suit the requirements . of the student. Contouring of the surface was not attempted due to the limited number of available spot ht.ghts. The whole area is covered by NZMS. 1 : 63,360, Sheet Number S 135 .I The aerial photographs that were used are , Runs 2R!56 1 2857, 2858 , and 2868.0nly parts of the Flight Runs were n@~ded. 2. which has not been published yet o The basement rocks are divided into Chl.2 semischists and CH1.3 schists on textural grounds. Above Chl . 3 schists in the present area are a succession of marine and non-marine sediments. The sediments may be overlain by Late Tertiary vol~anic flows. The sediments belong to Hogburn , Swinburn , Wedderburn, and ~'laori Bottom Formations. Recent and Terrace gravels are widespraed. Microfossil dating indicates Duntroonian age for the Swinburn Formation. Much of Wedderburn Formation of previous workers is now included i n Swinburn Formation on fossil evidenceo Volcanic material s are divided into ten petrographically distinct flows. An intrusive alkaline o l ivine-dolerite is described. Movements of great displacement are indicated for the Waihemo Fault Complex. The last major post- volcanic movement i ndicates a displ acement of at least 2 , 300 feet vertically with Kakanui Ranges as the upthrown block . GENEHAL ACCOUNT OF THE AREA . The present area has easy access to Dunedin via Provincial Highways 85 and 87. Highway 85 is ' Pigroot Road ' passing through Palmerston (South) while Highway 87 passes through Middlemarch. The ~~~iunal centre is Ranfurly a t a distance of 12.6 miles to the west o A general aridity of the area is reflected in the small volume or euen l ack of water in the numerous int ermitent creeks 3. and streams that drain the area. This is especially true during the long dry, hot sunmters. Among the vegetable growth the soil can support only tussock and feed-grass for the scanty eattle and shepp. In winter extremely cold conditions prevail. The mountain tops on the Kakanui Ranges to the East are snow-covered. The snow-cover may extend to the low - lands during the severest parts of winter (July- August). Geological investigation of the Central Otago division has attracted the earlier geologists. A historical sketch has been given by Cotton ( 1917). Following Cotton who agrees well with McKay (1884,) much of the Central Otago land surface, is an old prolonged erosion surface named the 'Cretaceous Peneplain '. This fossil plane has been tilted, f a ulted, folded and later covered by Tertiary sediments. The sediments may be capped by Late Tertiary volcanic flows. The present Central Otago topography of alternating basinal and fold mountains have been attributed to ' Block movements' in which the movements are accomplished through faulting or by faulting replaced to a minor extent by monoclinal flexures (Cotton, 1917). As such, the S.W. flange of the Kakanui Ranges to the East forms a tilted, fold mountain with a ma turely dissected fault scarp facing ~ianiototo Plains to the West, across the Taieri River. Southward, the area extends into Barewood Plateau which is an undulating maturely dissected schist surfa ce 4. with a l arge number of schist-tors. The area forms the head water region of the s .E.- ward flowing Shag Hiver, ( also named the Waihemo River) with t he Pi groot Creek as its main contributary branch, and forming a deeply entrenched course into the basement schist. The deep incision into schist however dimi nishes to form a gradually widening valley as the coast is approached to the south-east. The Shag is a permanent, moderately fast flowing river in contrast to some of the intermittent streams that drain the area to the general -.-'est and South-west. Such rivers and streams include certain fe eding channels of the Swinburn and Houndburn Hivers, both of which however are permanent streams entering into t he Tai eri River at Kokonga, a small railway-station on the Central Otago ~l ailway line. Much of t he stream courses t hat have been incised into the underly ing rocks have little or no water and serve only as irregularities into the topographic picture. Except for the development of small minor pools, the only other bodies of non-flowing water are the sca ttered man-made dams for sheep and cattle. Large-scale faulting and folding movements have taken place affecting both the undermass of schist and greywacke, and the overmass of sediments and volcanics. The largest of such faulting movements is along the Waihemo (Shag Valley) Fault Complex along which great vertical eomponental movements have taken place. Also 5. important are faults in the sedimentary and schist rocks in which the trends of such faults subparallel the Waihemo Fault trace. PREV'IOUS WORKS. The earliest geologic mapping and investi~ation of the present area must be credited to Williamson (1939) who produced a geological map on the scale of 1 : 63,360, and then made brief references to the area. McKay (1884) , Hector (1865), Henderson (1929), and Morgan (1920) all have been in some proportions responsible for earlier works on which Williamson (1939) has made references. Harrington (1955) redescribed the Tertiary Formations of Naseby District , and proposed a recognition of a post-volcanic non-marine Formation.t. This non-marine Formation containing freshwater Diplorlon sp. was not found in thepresent area. Raeside ( 1953) suggested criteria for recognition of Wedderburn Formation beds f rom a later Maori Bottom Formatd.on. The suggested criteria cannot be successful.ly applied ih the present area wherP. Maori Bottom beds never overly Wedderburn beds A detailed petrographic study of the volcan~c rocks on Siberia Hill - Mount Dasher area, lying to the east of the present area was complieted by Brown ( 1955 ) who compiled a series of successi~e flows. Some of the flows in this area are closely paralled in the present area. The two locallities are separated through a vertical distance of at least 2,300 feet across the Waihemo }i'aul t Complex. I The post-volcanic non-marine beds belong to the Surface Hill Formation (Harrington , 1955). 6 . The latest description of metamorphic rocks of the present area is by Turner (in Williamson , 1939) , who classified the rocks as ranging in metamorphic textural grade from Chl.1 to Chl.4 Subzones of the Chlorite Zone.However , no true Chl . l or Chl.4 Subzone rocks were found during the present field work . Department The department where the student is studying primarily. Geology Named locality Named locality describing the field area location. Swinburn Thesis description Number of pages, maps, CDs, etc. 145 leaves : illus. (part col.), map in pocket ; 27 cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1962Sang_Lyen Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Sang Lyen, Albert. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1962 Title A name given to the resource Geology of part of Swinburn survey district, North Otago. Subject The topic of the resource Map Igneous petrology Metamorphic geology Sedimentary petrology Structural geology Cenozoic Chlorite Zones dolerite https://theses.otagogeology.org.nz/files/original/79aa32791e71d1e23c593186aaafcc15.pdf 6ec37ebcfc90fb249dfc9532ba0102b8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Geology theses OU Geology thesis Thesis or dissertation completed by University of Otago Geology students Location WKT (WGS84) The location stored in WKT (WGS84) format POLYGON ((170.621949984583182 -45.795452454696793,170.6406137402019 -45.821083284657512,170.667386063023685 -45.848782023166422,170.652444672135829 -45.863717236049695,170.614262313998807 -45.831966899624,170.595111366193748 -45.802034858430581,170.621949984583182 -45.795452454696793)) Author last name Last name of the Author Allen Project type Is it an MSc, PhD, BSc(Hons) or PGDipSci? BSc(Hons) Advisers Who supervised/advised this student Reay, A. Abstract The Abstract for this thesis INTRODUCTION Port Chalmers lies on the north side of Otago Harbour, close to the geographic centre of the Dunedin Volcanic Complex of Upper Miocene to Lower Pliocene age (Coombs, 1965). Geologic mapping there has disclosed a westerly dipping succession of volcanic flows, erupted from a vent somewhere east of Port Chalmers Peninsula, in the sequence basalt, trachyte, basalt, phonolite. At a time at least as late as the eruption of the lowest basaltic flows, a new vent formed centred on Port Chalmers itself, but is now choked by the Port Chalmers Breccia owing to collapse of the vent walls. Trachyte is the least abundant rock type, confined to a narrow strip between Careys Bay and Deborah Bay (see Map 1), and is herein referred to as the Deborah trachyte. It is underlain by at least 350 - 1050 feet of basaltic flows. This is quite different from the distribution of trachyte at Port Chalmers mapped by Professor W.N. Benson, as part of a less detailed and broader project encompassing the whole of the Dunedin area. Benson's unpublished map of the Dunedin district (see Fig. 1) shows trachyte forming much of the lower part of the Mihiwaka - Port Chalmers ridge. He considered (Benson, 1942) this trachyte as forming part of the Initial Eruptive Phase of trachyte flows and tuffs, and regarded the basalt shown on his map (see Fig. 1) low in Sawyers Bay, in the southern part of Port Chalmers Peninsula1 and between Careys Bay and Rocky Point, as remnants of later flows which abut the trachyte, rather than earlier flows which underlie it. I 2. The following quote (Benson, 1942, p.90) is probably a fair summary of his views:- "The earliest eruptive materials •••• are anorthoclase trachytes . •• erupted in very large amountin the central originally-depressed Port Chalmers - Hoopers Inlet region, where trachytic agglomerates and tuffs associated with small trachytic flows and cut by very many trachyte dykes built up a low cone. ••••• In the centre of this mass, near Portobello, the trachyte agglomerate contains a few fragments of feldspar basalt and trachyandesite (? ) the only indication of pre-trachytic effusions. Before the trachyte magma was exhausted basaltic magma rose ••••• Its expulsion commenced with the formation of massive agglomerate followed by finer grained tuffs and more widespread flows of basalt. The earlier members of this series of flows were invaded by the latest trachytic dykes •••• Some crust-movement was in progress and the thinning out of the basaltic agglomerate and tuffs (in so far as it may not be due to its moulding against the trachyte cone) suggest the rise of two low anticlinal ridges running in an E-N-E and N-N-W direction respectively and intersecting a little south of Portobello." Benson appeared to regard the division between initial and first eruptive phas e.~ as sharp, and recognised only one possible occurrence of a trachyte flow in the F:Lrst Main Eruptive Phase:- "Northeast of Port Chalmers on the western side of Deborah Bay the earlier members of this group of (First Main Eruptive Phase) basalts are interstratified with a thin flow or sill of anorthoclase trachyte of extent too small to indicate on the map and doubtless derived from one of the latest trachytic dykes which ascend into earlier basaltic flows of the first main eruptive phase." (Benson MS , p.100). The Deborah trachyte is undoubtedly equivalent to that mentioned above by Benson, and cannot be referred to the Initial Eruptive Phase as conceived by him (Benson, 1942; 1959). The Port Chalmers Breccia is a largely unsorted and well cemented rock with a rich variety of volcanic fragments, mostly ranging from / I 3. trachyandesite to phonolite, with less common schist and syenite fragments. Last century and early this century it was quarried as a building stone and used extensively for constructing the lower parts of buildings and for street kerbing. The Supreme Court building in Dunedin is built entirely of Port Chalmers Breccia. The stone is relatively soft with a high water absorption, and on weathering the matrix tends to weather preferentially and form a flaky skin (Marshall, 1929). It is unlikely to regain favour as a building stone. Boult (1905) considered an explosive origin likely for the breccia because of the presence of schist and syenite fragments, while Marshal! (1906) believed the breccia to represent the "detritus thrown out from a crater in which violent spasmodic steam eruptions occurred". Bens on (1942) linked widespread flood plain agglomerates occurring between the first and second eruptive phase lavas with explosive eruptions from the Port Chalmers and other breccia-filled vents. Department The department where the student is studying primarily. Geology Named locality Named locality describing the field area location. Port Chambers Thesis description Number of pages, maps, CDs, etc. 52 leaves; Maps 1 folded; 27 cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1968Allen Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Allen, JM Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968 Title A name given to the resource Vent-filled Breccia and Adjacent volcanic flows at Port Chalmers. Subject The topic of the resource Map Cenozoic Geochemistry Igneous petrology trachyandesite-phonolite Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Geology theses OU Geology thesis Thesis or dissertation completed by University of Otago Geology students Author last name Last name of the Author MacPherson Project type Is it an MSc, PhD, BSc(Hons) or PGDipSci? PGDipSci Advisers Who supervised/advised this student Read, P B Abstract The Abstract for this thesis Geological mapping conducted in an area surrounding Hyde, Central Otago, indicated that chlorite subzone schist underlay a succession of Tertiary rocks consisting of marine and freshwater sediments of the Stranraer Group, and alkali olivine basalts of the Waipiata Formation. The Haast schists consisted of massive and layered rock; the major mappable schist structure was a planar schistosity, and minor locally developed mesoscopic folding was observed. The Stranraer Group was subdivided into the Horse Burn and Hyde Formations, and the Hyde Formation was subdivided into the Fullarton and White Cliffs Members. Marine, glauconitic, sparsely fossiliferous, Bortonian (mid Eocene) age Horse Burn sands were deposited as a thin prism only in the north-east corner of the mapped area. During fresh-water Fullarton deposition gravels and sands poured into two localised, structurally controlled depocentres, and a thin sheet of Fullarton sediment was deposited across part of the remainder of the area. Fullarton sediments overlay Horse Burn sands in the Horse Burn type section. The White Cliffs depositional event was in part marine, at times hypersaline. White Cliffs sediments overlay Fullarton sediments in the west and south, and lay directly on schist in the centre of the examined area. A thin flow of Waipiata basalt overlay the Stranraer Group, and formed resistent caps on flat-topped hills near Hyde, and the extrusive centre, a large and structurally differentiated lava pond intruded by a sub-parallel dike swarm and numerous plugs, was exposed near Tiroiti. Correlation of Stranraer rocks with sections to the south and north-east indicated that in the Tertiary the Hyde area was situated near the shallow southern edge of a transgressive sea that passed inland to the north and west, and back to the present day coast, with only minor influence on the local depositional history. OURArchive handle The handle from the Otago University Research Archive (OURArchive) <a href="http://hdl.handle.net/10523/4588">http://hdl.handle.net/10523/4588</a> OURArchvive access level Abstract Only Department The department where the student is studying primarily. Geology Named locality Named locality describing the field area location. Hyde Otago Central Thesis description Number of pages, maps, CDs, etc. ix, 87 leaves : illus., fold. maps (in pockets) ; 28 cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1969MacPherson Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource MacPherson, JM Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969 Title A name given to the resource Geology of the Tertiary sediments surrounding Hyde, Otago. Subject The topic of the resource Map Cenozoic Igneous petrology Metamorphic geology Sedimentology Chlorite Zones Haast Schist Stranraer Group Waipiata Formation https://theses.otagogeology.org.nz/files/original/4e69a5308aed1757e470c018bdc6660b.pdf 2a61aba00848cc7d4fd4687b1fc6c86c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Geology theses OU Geology thesis Thesis or dissertation completed by University of Otago Geology students Location WKT (WGS84) The location stored in WKT (WGS84) format POLYGON ((167.436818673125941 -46.138978155686523,167.521921437271089 -46.144529983934717,167.518317564435108 -46.160076107121547,167.435189768972123 -46.155094479647694,167.436818673125941 -46.138978155686523)) Author last name Last name of the Author Sutherland Project type Is it an MSc, PhD, BSc(Hons) or PGDipSci? BSc(Hons) Abstract The Abstract for this thesis This paper describes the geology and palaeoecology of some upper Tertiary sedimentary rocks exposed in coastal cliffs in Te Waewae Bay, between Rowallan Burn and Waikoau River, on the northern edge of N.Z.M.S.l 8.175 (Fig. 1). Fieldwork was carried out during early 1969, sixteen days being spent in the field. Access is by logging road from Papatotara , or along the beach, which is safe for cars at low tide. Dense scrubby bush obscures outcrop except for portions of the coastal cliffs and the mouths of streams. Rowallan Burn, Birch's Mill and Waikoau River are the only formally named localities, all other names have been coined by the author to aid description of specific localities. The author wishes to thank the Benson Memorial fund for assistance with field expenses; Dr. R.M. Carter, Associate Professor J. D. Campbell and Mr. C.A. Landis for much helpful advice; the author's parents and relatives, Miss B. More, Miss A. Guilford, and Mcintyre's Milling Company for assistance in many ways. Department The department where the student is studying primarily. Geology Named locality Named locality describing the field area location. Te Wae Wae Bay Birchs Hill Southland Thesis description Number of pages, maps, CDs, etc. 56 leaves. Ill, photos, map (folded in pocket); 27 cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1969Sutherland Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Sutherland, JI Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969 Title A name given to the resource Paleontology and Ecology of some Tertiary sediments in Te Waewae Bay, Southland. Subject The topic of the resource Map Paleontology Cenozoic Opoitian Stage Waitotaran Stage https://theses.otagogeology.org.nz/files/original/06eb1bac26d018b073f3038479d86d29.pdf b4c7d7c4c51a583a3dd8b207932861ef Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Geology theses OU Geology thesis Thesis or dissertation completed by University of Otago Geology students Location WKT (WGS84) The location stored in WKT (WGS84) format POLYGON ((172.297492847386053 -41.700621617760191,172.298866949689341 -41.644349911122134,172.355552991134573 -41.64372844559216,172.353463261183123 -41.700187539438723,172.297492847386053 -41.700621617760191)) Author last name Last name of the Author Crooks Project type Is it an MSc, PhD, BSc(Hons) or PGDipSci? PGDipSci Advisers Who supervised/advised this student Carter, R.M Abstract The Abstract for this thesis Fyfe (1930) in mapping the Murchieon Subdivision, W.Nelson and Nth. Westland, designated Trent Stream as the type locality for Maruia and Matiri Formations. Re-examination of the type locality demonstrated that Maruia Formation could be subdivided into four recognizable West Coast formations, equated with Brunner, Kaiata, Omotumotu and Port Elizabeth Formations. Matiri Formation is regarded as a unique formation, and has not been equated with any pre-existent West Coast formations. However on the interpretation of the basal conglomerate mapped by Fyfe being a large, possibly proximal turbidite in a series of dominantly distal turbidites, and additionally the fact that Matiri Formation is characterised by turbidite beds throughout, it has been decided to relocate the base of the formation as the lowest turbidite bed in the type locality. (Which happens to occur 130 cm below the base as originally defined.) Petrographic and field investigations indicate that the history of the tertiary rocks in the type locality can be divide into two phases. Firstly, marine transgression involving Brunner, Kaiata, Omotumotu and Port Elizabeth Formations, and secondly the onset of tectonic activity producing a downwarping basin that received turbidites, and slumped material characteristic of Matiri Formation. This second phase is thought to ultimately result in the infilling of the basin by deposition of turbidite beds. Department The department where the student is studying primarily. Geology Named locality Named locality describing the field area location. Trent Stream Murchison Thesis description Number of pages, maps, CDs, etc. 57 leaves : maps (1 in pocket), plantes ; 29 cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1972Crooks Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Crooks, Ian. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972 Title A name given to the resource Tertiary geology of Trent Stream, Murchison Basin Subject The topic of the resource Map Sedimentary petrology Paleontology Cenozoic Brunner Group Kaiata Formation Matiri Formation Omotumotu Formation Port Elizabeth Formation https://theses.otagogeology.org.nz/files/original/6a8b0070628f08598b4a77398dbc000c.pdf 865fb3125fa688b80a11695758e597e9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Geology theses OU Geology thesis Thesis or dissertation completed by University of Otago Geology students Location WKT (WGS84) The location stored in WKT (WGS84) format POLYGON ((171.33593565194036 -42.749586471617498,171.308096464941286 -42.733095754148735,171.35909210388192 -42.668315140509833,171.393726344653999 -42.671188807775025,171.430302259308462 -42.725305687397054,171.373115493679791 -42.749525133307905,171.33593565194036 -42.749586471617498)) Author last name Last name of the Author Hamill Project type Is it an MSc, PhD, BSc(Hons) or PGDipSci? BSc(Hons) Advisers Who supervised/advised this student Cooper, A.F. Abstract The Abstract for this thesis Alkaline dike rocks, of early Cretaceous age, intruding the Tuhua Granite complex of the Hohonu Range, North Westland, form an almost continuous series from camptonitic lamprophyre through trachyandesites to trachytes and soda rhyolites. The series shows extreme fractionation of a relatively differentiated alkali basaltic magma, saturated with silica, to yield extremely oversaturated peralkaline rhyolites. A fractionation trend arose as a consequence of crystallization of olivine, pyroxene, kaersutitic amphibole and feldspar phases. The Hohonu Range dike rocks are part of a regional swarm bounded to the south by the Alpine Fault and extending from Mt. Bonar to the Buller River some 200 km further north. (See fig. 16). A comparison is drawn between the Hohonu swarm and similar intrusives, possibly cogenetic, south east of the Alpine Fault in the Haast River area. Dissimilarities between the two areas, thought to have arisen from different tectonic histories, resulting from Cainozoic movement on the Alpine Fault, are included in a possible model. An account of the Greenland series, Tuhua Granite and Tertiary rocks, encountered in the area studied, is included. In 1908 J. P. Smith described a series of lamprophyric rocks, found in pleistocene gravels, interpreted as having been derived from the Hohonu Range. Comparison of these dike rocks to similar varieties found in situ along the West Coast has resulted in a number of significant structural and genetic implications. Since 1908 little has been done to substantiate Smith's study. During the summer of 1972 the writer spent some 27 days mapping the dike rocks of the Hohonu Range. The aim of the study being to examine closely evolutionary trends in the intrusive lamprophyric swarm. All available analyses of lamprophyres and allied rocks, both published and unpublished were compiled and a preliminary geochemical comparison between the Haast River and Hohonu swarm was attempted. Other than noting their presence little attention was given to other rock types encountered during the mapping of the dike rocks. The writer is indebted to both Academic and Technical Staff for assistance and advice provided during the year. Special thanks are due to Dr. A. F. Cooper who supervised the project and provided the writer with seven unpublished whole rock chemical analysE;;s. Financial assistance from the Benson Memorial fund is gratefully acknowledged. OURArchive handle The handle from the Otago University Research Archive (OURArchive) <a href="http://hdl.handle.net/10523/2814">http://hdl.handle.net/10523/2814</a> OURArchvive access level Abstract Only Department The department where the student is studying primarily. Geology Named locality Named locality describing the field area location. Hohunu Range Thesis description Number of pages, maps, CDs, etc. 91 leaves : maps (1 in pocket), plates ; 29 cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1972Hamill_LJ Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hamill, L. J. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972 Title A name given to the resource Geology of the Western Hohonu Range, North Westland Subject The topic of the resource Map Igneous petrology Sedimentary petrology Cenozoic dyke Tuhua Granite https://theses.otagogeology.org.nz/files/original/80fad5e4a7a97abe63673368228527fc.pdf 7651b03788fbbf7a01f892dbd768ff41 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Geology theses OU Geology thesis Thesis or dissertation completed by University of Otago Geology students Location WKT (WGS84) The location stored in WKT (WGS84) format POLYGON ((171.011283212158588 -44.983679660099135,170.997354425548565 -45.209700241465967,170.934034499633299 -45.209048274463626,170.788281971116987 -45.162017952868545,170.800579725090955 -44.982196275803254,170.71469614918513 -44.981461855084532,170.717164434973682 -44.927004877090283,170.820369093839417 -44.92796583111263,170.980238230890563 -44.9172947272938,171.011283212158588 -44.983679660099135)) Author last name Last name of the Author Watt Project type Is it an MSc, PhD, BSc(Hons) or PGDipSci? BSc(Hons) Advisers Who supervised/advised this student Carter, R.M. Abstract The Abstract for this thesis A detailed study has been carried out on the contact relationships between the McDonald Limestone, Kokoamu Greensand, Otekaike Limestone, and Gee Greensand formations at Gee's Bay, and elsewhere in the Oamaru district. At Gee's Bay, Otekaike Limestone (Tahatika Member) of Lower Miocene (Waitakian) age rests paraconformably on the phosphatised, corroded, and burrowed upper surface of McDonald Limestone of Lower Oligocene (Whaingaroan) age. Seesile organisms and abundant blocks and pebbles of McDonald Limestone in the Tahatika Member indicate that a hardground was developed on the top of the MoDonald Limestone during the Upper Oligocene (Duntroonian). The upper surface of the McDonald Limestone in other sections is marked by solution breccias stylolites, algal oncolites, and widespread phosphatisation, suggesting that this hardground surface represented shallow marine conditions, and is widespread over at least 300km2 in the Oamaru district. Department The department where the student is studying primarily. Geology Named locality Named locality describing the field area location. Gees Bay Oamaru Thesis description Number of pages, maps, CDs, etc. 73 leaves : maps (1 in pocket), plates ; 29 1/2 cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1972Watt Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Watt, Daphne E. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972 Title A name given to the resource Study on a mid-tertiary unconformity at Gee's Bay and in the Oamaru district Subject The topic of the resource Map Sedimentary petrology Cenozoic burrows oncolites phosphatisation stromatolite stylolites https://theses.otagogeology.org.nz/files/original/12cc9bf4ad7744f601eee39fae28572d.pdf e27c60b25f5213c875cf58449ac99077 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Geology theses OU Geology thesis Thesis or dissertation completed by University of Otago Geology students Location WKT (WGS84) The location stored in WKT (WGS84) format POLYGON ((170.825621604491403 -45.459904856787823,170.842988974211607 -45.465950120599921,170.762693356484789 -45.544902391279571,170.705211900795064 -45.624734471243244,170.684362062682567 -45.620026749613714,170.743488806933811 -45.533569229292212,170.825621604491403 -45.459904856787823)) Author last name Last name of the Author Almond Project type Is it an MSc, PhD, BSc(Hons) or PGDipSci? PGDipSci Advisers Who supervised/advised this student Campbell, J.D. Abstract The Abstract for this thesis INTRODUCTION; The f 1\e..ld area. for this project was located on' the east coast of Otago , approximately forty five kilometres north of Dunedin. The a.r a xtended from just no~th of Cornish Head , Waikouaiti , to the southern banks of the Shag River . As a result of poor , sparse outcrops away from the coast , f i ~ld 1ork was limited primarily to the coastal cliff outcrops . F\eld work was , therefore , strongly controlled by the tides. The purpose of this project was to determine the validity of what , to date , has been termed the Goodwood Limestone (or formation) and this involved determining its relationship to the Caversham Se.n~stone (or formation). 1 This project has brought the writer to the conclusion that the Goodwood Limestone (as mapped by Service, 1934) ia not sufficiently distinct ~~om the Caveraham Sandstone to be regar ed as a formation in its own ri ht. On the basis of information set out in this thesis the ~iter proposes that the Goodwood Limeston , as herein delimitated, be considered as a member of the Caversham Formation. In this thesis the Goodwood Member refers to the Goodwood Memo r of the Caversham Formation, and Caversham Formation refers to any part of the Caversham Sandstone or Goodwood Limestone not included in that indicated as being part of the Goodwood ember. Any further reference to the Goodwood Limestone or Cavorsham Sand tone ~ill be in a historical context and , unless otherwise stated , will be in reference to these uni t fl as mapped by Service, 1934 Department The department where the student is studying primarily. Geology Named locality Named locality describing the field area location. Goodwood Thesis description Number of pages, maps, CDs, etc. 70 p. : photos, diagrs. ; 25 cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1973Almond Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Almond, C. S. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973 Title A name given to the resource Status of the Goodwood Limestone Subject The topic of the resource Map Cenozoic Geomorphology Mineralogy Paleontology Petrology Goodwood Limestone sedimentary structure https://theses.otagogeology.org.nz/files/original/f1d9534575b5d6820a441effd29db2c4.pdf 0cd511203d988b4e3f84b5a2f20fe056 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Geology theses OU Geology thesis Thesis or dissertation completed by University of Otago Geology students Location WKT (WGS84) The location stored in WKT (WGS84) format POLYGON ((170.474922459129061 -45.918244930019398,170.407741138802692 -45.840532734427775,170.609471757480776 -45.724668630518849,170.681231260366502 -45.798188589716503,170.474922459129061 -45.918244930019398)) Author last name Last name of the Author Price Project type Is it an MSc, PhD, BSc(Hons) or PGDipSci? PhD Advisers Who supervised/advised this student Coombs, D.S. Abstract The Abstract for this thesis The Dunedin Volcano, of Mid - Late Miocene age, is a complex alkalic volcano which was active over a period of about 3 m.y. (13-10 m.y.). Activity commenced with the eruption of basaltic flows and tuffs in the central Otago Harbour depression. The earliest tuffs are interbedded with marine sands and calcareous sands indicating that the initial activity was submarine. Pillow structures and 'bomb sags' in the lower units of the volcanic massif are additional evidence that the initial activity was submarine. The initial basaltic activity was followed by extensive emplacement of quartz normative trachyte flows and tuffs in the central area, and a small emergent cone of trachytic composition was built. The formation of the early trachyte cone was followed by extensive, subaerial, shield-building eruptions of flows ranging in composition from basalt through intermediate rock types to phonolite and feldspathoidal trachyte. These were erupted from vents within the central depression, and the last significant activity in the central area resulted in the emplacement of coarse breccias which occupy vents on an axis through Port Chalmers, Portobello and Sandymount. The central activity was followed by a period of eruption controlled largely by activity from non-central fissures probably related to basement fractures. The conspicuous topographic highs of the Otago Peninsula and the Flagstaff-Mihiwaka ridges were built. Activity in the Dunedin Volcano was terminated about 10 m.y. ago with the emplacement of nepheline benmoreite lava domes at Mt. Cargill. The volcano has a complicated history. Activity from various vents (of the order of 40 have been recognized) over a period of 3 million years, during which the volcanics were being actively eroded, has resulted in stratigraphic complexities which are irresolvable on a regional scale. Correlation of units over distances in ex6ess of a few km are invalid, and the regional stratigraphy established by Benson (MS, 1968) is rejected. Although syn- and post-volcanic faults can be recognized in the Dunedin Volcano, structural complexities are very rarely observed. Relationships between the various volcanic units result from the ·interaction of flows, coulées, and intrusions erupted onto an actively eroding volcanic topography. Most folding observed in the volcano occurs around small domical phonolite intrusions which have arched the overburden during intrusion into quartz trachytes and the underlying sediments in the central depression. Volcanism in East Otago is intimately associated with extensive block faulting. Although the latest movements appear reverse there is strong evidence that faults in East Otago were normal during Cretaceous and, possibly, Early Tertiary time. A number of endogenous lava domes have been identified in the Dunedin Volcano, especially amongst the products of the later phases of the volcano's history. Most are composed of phonolite, but other examples consist of mugearite, hawaiite, benmoreite, trachyandesite, and nepheline benmoreite. Commonly the domes have been emplaced in cinder cones developed on the flanks of the volcano. The isotopic composition of strontium has been determined for samples from the Dunedin Volcano covering the range basalt, basanite, intermediate compositions, phonolite and quartz normative trachyte. The basaltic, intermediate and phonolitic rocks appear to be comagmatic and have similar low initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios around 0.7030, comparable with those of other alkalic provinces. The quartz normative trachytes have initial ratios significantly higher than those of the other rocks (0.7040) although their age is comparable. Rb-Sr ages obtained are comparable with published K-Ar dates. The Rb-Sr age for the trachytes is 14. 4±7 m.y. and the other alkali-enriched rocks give ages ranging within the limits of 14.4 to 12.0 m.y. An electron microprobe study of the mineralogy of representative samples from the Dunedin Volcano has established fractionation trends for clinopyroxenes, olivines, and feldspars. The mineral fractionation trends indicate that the host rocks are representative of magmas related by a crystal fractionation process. The clinopyroxene fractionation trend, from diopsidic to intermediate acmitic clinopyroxene is similar to the Nandewar trend (Abbott, 1968) and indicates low oxygen fugacity throughout crystallization of the host magmas. Low oxygen fugacity conditions are indicated for all the lavas of the Dunedin Volcano examined during this study by: (i) Homogeneous titanomagnetites (Oxidation Index I - II, of Watkins & Haggerty, 1967). (ii} Aenigmatite and riebeckite in evolved lavas. (iii} Indirect calculations using mineral chemistry and thermodynamic relationships. Oxygen fugacities calculated for basanite and trachyandesite were 10-10, 10-12 atm. respectively. The electron microprobe study indicated the presence of xenocrysts or megacrysts of olivine, aluminous clinopyroxene, and calcic plagioclase in basanite and nepheline benmoreite lavas. Using a combination of mineral geothermometers and the results of direct melting experiments such as those summarized by Thompson {1972) it was possible to establish ·some crystallization temperature limits for alkalic lavas. The results are consistent with a crystal fractionation model for the evolution of the Dunedin lavas. Temperature estimates for the commencement of crystallization range from 1170°C for basanite to 975°C for phonolite. New major and trace element analyses are presented for 9 kaersutites from basic alkalic rocks. K/Rb ratios lie between 1209 and 4276. Rb is low, averaging 6 ppm. Sr ranges from 532 to 1060 ppm and Ba from 181 to 701 ppm. Zr averages 109 ppm, Nb 44 ppm and V 390 ppm. There is a moderate enrichment in light and intermediate REE. Zn correlates with FeO + Fe2O3 but the concentrations of Ni, Co, Cr, Cu and Pb are variable. Large variations in trace element concentration in kaersutites reflect only small variations in the melt when the distribution coefficient for a given element strongly favours the amphibole. Kaersutite is significant in the petrogenesis of alkalic rocks as a possible accessory phase in the upper mantle source regions, and as an important phase in the fractionation of basic alkalic liquids over a wide range of pressures. Sixty-six new major and trace element whole rock analyses are presented along with additional published and unpublished major element analyses from the Dunedin Volcano. Trace elements analyzed include Cs, Ba, Rb, Sr, Pb, Th, U, Zr, Hf, Nb, Sn, Y, V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga. The following is a summary of the geochemical trends observed: (a) Basalt-hawaiite-mugearite-benmoreite (i) There is a continuous depletion through the series in Ti, Mg, total iron, Ca, Ni, V, Cr Cu. (ii) The following elements are continuously enriched from basalt to benmoreite Si, Al, Na, K, Cs, Rb, Ba, Pb, Th, U, Zr, Hf, Sn, Nb, Ga. (iii) Sr and P show maximum concentration in the mugearites and are depleted in benmoreites. (iv) Zn and Mn show erratic behaviour but abundances are rather low. (b) Phonolites (i) Phonolites are strongly enriched in Na, K, Cs, Rb, Pb, Th, U, Zr, Hf, Sn, Nb, Ga, Zn, Y, Cl. (ii) Phonolites show strong depletion in Ti, Mg, total iron, Ca, Ba, Sr, Ni, V, Cr, Cu, P. (c) Basanite-nepheline hawaiite-nepheline trachyandesite-nepheline benmoreite These rocks show behaviour similar to the basalt-hawaiite-mugearite group, but there are differences between the benmoreites and nepheline benmoreites: (i) Both Ba and Sr are strongly enriched in the nepheline benmoreites. (ii) P is higher in the nepheline benmoreites than in the benmoreites. (iii) The nepheline benmoreites are more mafic than the benmoreites. (d) Quartz-normative trachytes The quartz normative trachytes show features which set them apart as a distinct geochemical group: (i) Although high in Si content the quartz normative trachyte is surprisingly depleted in Rb, Th, U, Zr, Hf, Sn, Nb, Ga, Zn, Y. (ii) K and Ba are enriched in the quartz normative trachyte while Cs is slightly depleted, compared with the other rocks. (iii) Ti, Mg, total iron, Ca, P, the ferromagnesium trace elements are all very strongly depleted. Twelve alkalic lavas from the Dunedin Volcano have been analyzed for the rare earth elements (REE) La-Yb. The compositions analyzed were: basalt-hawaiite-mugearite-benmoreite; basanite, nepheline hawaiite, nepheline trachyandesite and nepheline benmoreite; trachyte; phonolite. The series from basalt to mugearite shows continuous enrichment in the REE, consistent with a crystal fractionation m6del involving removal of olivine and clinopyroxene. From mugearite to benmoreite there is a depletion in the REE which is explained by the appearance of apatite as a liquidus 6 phase. The chondrite normalized REE patterns for the phonolites are characterized by strong enrichment and fractionation coupled with a sharp depletion in Eu. Removal of feldspar from a more basic magma is suggested for the derivation of the phonolites. The series basanite-nepheline hawaiite, and basanite-nepheline hawaiite-nepheline benmoreite appear to be high PH 0 analogues of the series basalt-benmoreite, with enrichment of the REE being achieved by removal of clinopyroxene, kaersutite and olivine. Compared with other lavas the trachyte has low REE abundances and is characterized by a striking positive Eu anomaly. New major and trace element data are presented for examples in alkalic provinces of differentiated lavas containing evidence of high pressure origin, along with published data on similar localities. The examples analyzed are: (i) 'Mafic phonolite' - Pigroot, East Otago. (ii) Phonolite from Bokkos, Jos Plateau, Nigeria. Both bodies contain lherzolite inclusions which are evidence for rapid rise from lower crustal or upper mantle regions. Additional published data for hawaiites, nepheline mugearites, and a phonolite from Heldberg in East Germany, all showing evidence of a high pressure origin are included. The function MgX100/Mg+Fe2+ is used to distinguish 'derivative' from 'primary' magmas, and it is shown that all the differentiated magmas of high pressure origin are in fact 'derivative' and have evolved by crystal fractionation processes from basalt or basanite 'primary' magmas~ A high pressure (>25 km) crystal fractionation series from basanite through nepheline hawaiite, nepheline mugearite, and nepheline benmoreite to phonolite is proposed. The following features can be used to distinguish magmas of high pressure (sub-crustal) origin from those of low pressure (crustal) derivation: (i) The occurrence of high pressure inclusions such as lherzolite xenoliths or high pressure megacrysts (e.g. aluminous clinopyroxene). (ii) The involvement of feldspar implies fractionation at relatively low pressures. In this respect Ba, Sr, Pb, REE (in particular Eu) are important trace elements. The Dunedin lavas are the result of crystal fractionation processes acting upon mantle derived basaltic magmas at various levels in the crust. The broad processes and lines of descent established by this study are in essential agreement with the suggestions made by Coombs & Wilkinson (1969). A diversity among parental materials and operation of the fractionation process at varying levels in the crust and mantle, under varying conditions of PH 0 have resulted in a diverse series of overlapping fractionation trends. 'End member' series are as follows: (i) Basalt-hawaiite-mugearite-benmoreite; controlled largely by removal of olivine, clinopyroxene, titanomagnetite and, in the step from intermediate compositions to benmoreite, apatite. (ii) A high PH2O analogue of this series probably developing at higher Ptotal: basanite-nepheline hawaiite-nepheline mugearite-nepheline benmoreite; controlled by removal of olivine, clinopyroxene, kaersutite, and titanomagnetite. (iii) Moderately potassic variations on both these trends, including the rock types trachyandesite (in the mildly alkalic trend), nepheline trachyandesite (in the ultra-alkalic trend) and K-benmoreite (tristanite) and K-nepheline benmoreite (nepheline tristanite). All phonolites appear to have arisen by a similar process operating on a variety of parental magmas. They are low pressure (crustal) differentiates derived by fractional crystallization processes involving feldspar. Phonolites are probably derived principally as end products in the crystal fractionation series outlined above, but small quantities of phonolitic liquid may derive directly from quite basic parents. The strontium isotopic chemistry and in particular the REE chemistry of the quartz normative trachytes require that special circumstances be invoked for the origin of these oversaturated melts. Two suggestions are made here. Either the trachytes derive at the lower crust by partial melting of a quartz free parent, or they represent the end product in a long process of crystal fractionation in an isolated crustal ·magma chamber. The former model raises problems regarding the nature of the parental material, and the latter requires some form of preferential feldspar contamination to account for the REE pattern and other peculiarities of the chemistry. OURArchive handle The handle from the Otago University Research Archive (OURArchive) <a href="http://hdl.handle.net/10523/5937">http://hdl.handle.net/10523/5937</a> OURArchvive access level Open Department The department where the student is studying primarily. Geology Named locality Named locality describing the field area location. Dunedin Thesis description Number of pages, maps, CDs, etc. 1 v. (various pagings) : illus., plates ; 30 cm. 2 copies. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1973Price Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Price, Richard Charles. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973 Title A name given to the resource Geochemical investigations of the alkalic rocks of the Dunedin volcano, East Otago, New Zealand Subject The topic of the resource Igneous petrology Cenozoic Volcanology Geochemistry alkali volcanics basalt phonolite rare earths strontium isotopes https://theses.otagogeology.org.nz/files/original/4f12be9ef1a483dd2484cf62c2412473.pdf bf79a31b2acc6e56e1d815bf8c0ff5a7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Geology theses OU Geology thesis Thesis or dissertation completed by University of Otago Geology students Location WKT (WGS84) The location stored in WKT (WGS84) format POLYGON ((166.599426481874445 -46.09324856998812,166.704169622877401 -46.097898824314839,166.686003467591632 -46.233851288454161,166.583700718328487 -46.228132017491291,166.599426481874445 -46.09324856998812)) Author last name Last name of the Author Lindqvist Project type Is it an MSc, PhD, BSc(Hons) or PGDipSci? MSc Advisers Who supervised/advised this student Carter, R.M. Abstract The Abstract for this thesis Tertiary sedimentation in the area about Puysegur Point, S.W. Fiordland, New Zealand, began in the Lower Oligocene. Puysegur Formation, the basal stratigraphic unit of the sequence, comprises lower deltaic plain and delta mouth coals, mudstone, sandstones and conglomerate, marine beach sands, and near-shore tide deposited sands and mudstone, interfingering with breccia conglomerate deposited as alluvial fans backed against Ordovician basement. Conformably overlying Puysegur Formation, the Sealers Formation consists of terrigenous muddy flysch interbedded with thick sandstones, medium to thin bedded sandy flysch, and locally, conglomerates near the base. The conglomerates and thickly bedded sandstones were deposited from inertia flows in feeder channels incised into muddy flysch of the inner submarine fan and basin slope. The graded and massive bedded sandy flysch sediments represent proximal turbidity current and inertia flow deposition on the middle fan. Soft sediment deformation structures are abundant, reflecting an inherent instability of the depositional slope. Derived from local basement, sandstones are arkosic. Mudstones contain a kaolinite-illite clay mineral assemblage. The trace fossil Chondrites is characteristic of the fine grained sediment. Outcropping as a fault bounded structural block, the highest stratigraphic unit, Chalky Island Formation, comprises about 390m of calcareous turbidites. Generally, each bed grades from sand into montmorillinite-nanno-marl and is terminated by a nanno-plankton chalk interbed. Several amalgamated thick sandstone units and rare breccias are present, representing a progradation of the submarine fan. The sandstones are arkosic and contain a transported, shelf derived, abraided macrofauna. Flute and groove molds indicate a southerly turbidity current flow direction, parallel with the subsequent main tectonic trend. The chalk beds accumulated during periods of no turbidity current deposition, largely from fall-out of nannoflora from the euphotic zone. Some thickening of the chalk from low velocity bottom current redeposition may have occurred. Examined by both light and scanning electron microscopy, the nannofossil assemblage has strong open ocean affinities. The moderately well preserved Lower Oligocene assemblage is dominated by coccoliths of the Ericsonia ovalis, Chiasmolithus oamaruensis, and Reticulofenestra umbilica species groups. A diverse suite of trace fossils in Chalky Island Formation is dominated by ichnogenera, notably Zoophycus and Chondrites, that have been identified from Recent and fossil ocean floor drill cores. This contrasts with the typically littoral assemblage in Puysegur Formation. The change in sedimentation style, from largely traction current deposited fluvio-marine sediments in Puysegur Formation to inertia flow and turbidity current emplaced sands of Sealers Formation, together with oceanic oozes in Chalky Island Formation in equated with an episode of rapid tectonic depression of northerly trending flysch troughs of west Southland and Westland. Department The department where the student is studying primarily. Geology Named locality Named locality describing the field area location. Puysegur Point Fiordland Thesis description Number of pages, maps, CDs, etc. ix, 163 p. : illus., maps ; 31 cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1975Lindqvist Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lindqvist, Jon Kenneth. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1975 Title A name given to the resource Stratigraphy of the Balleny Group at Puysegur Point, South West Fiordland, New Zealand Subject The topic of the resource Map Lithostratigraphy Cenozoic Chalky Island Formation Puysegur Formation Sealers Formation