1 10 12 https://theses.otagogeology.org.nz/files/original/fdf814028f135e4e6272d226dab28647.pdf bcfbde90971418ea5a4b2d48fdf7b0ab Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Geology theses OU Geology thesis Thesis or dissertation completed by University of Otago Geology students Author last name Last name of the Author Todd Project type Is it an MSc, PhD, BSc(Hons) or PGDipSci? MSc Advisers Who supervised/advised this student Craw, D. Whigham, P. Abstract The Abstract for this thesis The Wangaloa opencast coal mine was operational from 1945 to 1989. Initial rehabilitation to Pinus radiata was unsuccessful and an alternative programme was adopted in 200 1, which involved the clearing of exotic vegetation, re-contouring of overburden waste piles and the planting of approximately 70,000 native seedlings. The overall aims of this thesis were to investigate the physical hydrogeology of Wangaloa, and to gain an understanding of the factors influencing native plant revegetation at the site. A steady state hydrogeological model was constructed for Wangaloa using Visual MODFLOW. The modelled total flux of 344-351 m3/day and drain outflow of 117m3/day met the calibration criteria. There was a discrepancy of 2% between the modelled inflow and outflow. The shape of the modelled potentiometric surface was similar to contours manually interpreted from piezometer heads. However, the calculated head values poorly matched the observed values with a normalised RMS of 24%. The model was sensitive to small changes in hydraulic conductivities, recharge, evapotranspiration and boundary conditions. Overall, the model did not adequately represent the hydrogeological system at Wangaloa, and manual methods may be more appropriate. To further develop the model additional information is required, especially on the complex geology and hydraulic conductivities at the site. Substrate types at the mine site included soils and overburden with varying amounts of quartz, silt and coal. Organic matter content, moisture content and bulk density were characterised for the site based on 68 sample locations. Substrate pH was measured in December 2003, March, June and September 2004. Average pH ranged from 2.6 to 5.4 over the site. Overburden pH (2.6-5.4) was more variable than pH of the soils (4.8 to 4.7). The relatively high pH values on overburden were attributed to the application of topsoil to some areas, while the low values are due to acid mine drainage. The performance of 470 native plantings in 54 plots was examined by assigning survival ratings and measuring their size in December 2003, March, June and September 2004. Kohiihii, koromiko, manuka and wineberry were investigated to ascertain variances in performance between species. The seedlings were planted in the autumn and spring of 2003, and by September 2004 the mortality rate was 22-29%. Wineberry had a significantly higher death rate than other species, at almost 50%. Dead plants were distributed across the site in all substrate types, although, eastern mine soil plots generally had higher mortality rates. Group 1 (autumn) plantings had an average growth rate of 110% in September 2004, while Group 2 (spring) had 26%. Of the selected species koromiko grew best for both Group 1 (123%) and 2 (85%). Wineberry had the lowest growth rate for Group 1 (29%), while kohiihU had the lowest for Group 2 (8%). Spatial patterns of planting growth were more distinct than planting mortality. Overall, growth on overburden was lower than on mine soils, and eastern mine soil plots had less growth than those on western mine soils. Planting performance data and substrate properties (pH, bulk density, organic matter and moisture content) were compared using a geographical information system (GIS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) to identify relationships between these variables. Results showed that there were no clear relationships between these substrate properties and planting mortality. In contrast, the substrate data explained on average 80% of the variation in planting growth. Other factors that were identified in this study as likely to have had some effect on planting performance included overburden versus non-overburden substrates, species selection, browsing and time of planting. It was also suggested that the level of land disturbance, distance from remnant native bush, landforms/microclimates, nutrient toxicity and/or deficiency, planting stock genetics and planting technique may have been of influence. From this study, it was apparent that there are limitations in the use of standard soil analysis techniques for mine substrates. This study highlighted the importance of considering environmental variables in combination, rather than individually, when assessing revegetation success. Department The department where the student is studying primarily. Geology Named locality Named locality describing the field area location. Wangaloa Otago southeast Thesis description Number of pages, maps, CDs, etc. x, 161, [40] p. : ill., maps ; 30 cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2005Todd Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Todd, Andrea Jane. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005 Title A name given to the resource Hydrogeology and revegetation of the Wangaloa opencast coal mine, South-east Otago, New Zealand Subject The topic of the resource Coal mining Hydrology Map coal mines environmental aspects rehabilitation https://theses.otagogeology.org.nz/files/original/88d22aead830fb492b5d58c32571d794.pdf 3485554f000f218ae65b5295b48b480c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Geology theses OU Geology thesis Thesis or dissertation completed by University of Otago Geology students Author last name Last name of the Author Ross Project type Is it an MSc, PhD, BSc(Hons) or PGDipSci? PhD Advisers Who supervised/advised this student White, J.D.L. Abstract The Abstract for this thesis The Jurassic Ferrar large igneous province of Antarctica contains significant mafic volcaniclastic deposits, underlying the Kirkpatrick flood basalts. In South Victoria Land, the mafic volcaniclastics are referred to as the Mawson Formation. At Coombs Hills, the Mawson is interpreted as filling a large vent complex, which was re-examined in detail to better understand vent-forming processes. Two contrasting types of cross-cutting volcaniclastic bodies were found in the complex, both of which are interpreted to have been forcefully emplaced from below into existing, non-consolidated debris. The first type consists of country rock-rich lapilli-tuff pipes. These are interpreted as fossilized remnants of subterranean debris jets which originated when phreatomagmatic explosions occurred near the walls or floor of the vent complex, causing fragmentation of both magma and country rock. The second type of cross-cutting body consists of basalt-rich tuff-breccias and lapilli-tuffs, some of which could have been generated by explosions taking place within pre-existing basalt-bearing debris, well away from the vent walls. Other basalt-rich zones, accompanied by domains of in situ peperite and coherent basalt, are inferred to have originated by less violent processes. At nearby Allan Hills, the Mawson can be divided into two informal members, m1 and m2. Member m1 is exposed only at central Allan Hills, consists essentially of sedimentary material from the underlying Beacon Supergroup, and is interpreted as a ::::;180 m-thick debris avalanche deposit. Most megablocks in m1 were derived from the late Triassic Lashly Formation, parts of which were probably only weakly consolidated in the Jurassic. Sandstone breccias dominate volumetrically over megablocks within the deposits. This indicates pervasive and relatively uniform fragmentation of the moving mass, and probably reflects the weak and relatively homogeneous nature of the material involved. The avalanche flowed into a pre-existing topographic depression carved into the Beacon sequence, and flow indicators reveal a northeastward movement. Sparse globular basaltic megablocks suggest that Ferrar intrusions played a role in triggering the avalanche. Member m2, which is exposed at both central and southern Allan Hills, consists predominantly of metre-thick basaltic volcaniclastic layers that fall into three broad categories: (1) poorly sorted, coarse lapilli-tuff and tuff-breccia; (2) block-rich layers; (3) tuff and fine lapilli-tuff. The former type is interpreted as the deposits of high-concentration pyroclastic density currents (PDCs), probably formed during the collapse of phreatomagmatic eruption plumes. Occasional block-rich layers probably were formed by both ballistic fall from local vents and pyroclastic flows, and the finer-grained layers were probably deposited by dilute PDCs. Dilute, moist turbulent currents were also likely responsible for the generation and deposition of large (::::;4.5 cm) rim-type accretionary lapilli. The thick layers are locally underlain by or interbedded with thin tuff ring-style volcaniclastic layers, and all the layers are underlain and invaded by basalt-rich tuff-breccias and lapilli-tuffs. Department The department where the student is studying primarily. Geology Named locality Named locality describing the field area location. Coombs Antarctica Allan Hills Antarctica Victoria Land south Thesis description Number of pages, maps, CDs, etc. 1 v. (various pagings) : ill., maps ; 30 cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2005Ross Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ross, Pierre-Simon. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005 Title A name given to the resource Volcanology of the Mawson Formation at Coombs and Allan Hills, South Victoria Land, Antarctica Subject The topic of the resource Volcanology lapilli - tuffs mafic volcaniclastics Mawson Formation vent-forming processes https://theses.otagogeology.org.nz/files/original/bb6197e1c5e91b75e514e3558e076928.pdf a0ca9be735f30f407c9dbd7ff01793d5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Geology theses OU Geology thesis Thesis or dissertation completed by University of Otago Geology students Author last name Last name of the Author Leslie Project type Is it an MSc, PhD, BSc(Hons) or PGDipSci? MSc Advisers Who supervised/advised this student Gorman, A.R. Woodward, D. Abstract The Abstract for this thesis The use of seismic reflection studies in hard rock environments has over the past ten years become an important tool in the mining industry. This study has reprocessed, modelled and interpreted data acquired in 1993. This required the use of new processing techniques that have been developed over the years subsequent to the initial ~~ed. Finite-differen~lling obtained a cross-section over an area where the geology was known, ~mining in the area. This allowed the characterisation of the physical characteristics of the rocks in order to obtain the seismic signature that was observed from the data. This included the use of fabrics within the schist, which were modelled as having different dips and velocities in order to recreate the anisotropic effects of the subsurface. This allowed the identification of the characteristics that are attributed to structures such as faults, pelite bodies, the "' ~ footwall and yfangingwall structures, and dipping bodies, and assisted in the identification of these structures in other areas of the seismic sections where the subsurface geology was not as well constrained. The design of a new survey to image the· structure at depths of 400 - 800 m was undertaken, using a variety of sources, geophones and depth of source. The most efficient way of imaging the structure at these depths was shown to be a 400 g booster as a source at a depth of 2.5 m with good tamping and stemming. The 40 Hz geophones 'were most efficient at recording the signals required at a spacing of 5 m. Near offsets of 15 m and far offsets of380 m were deemed to be the most efficient way to cover the entire survey without changing the parameters of the layout. Anisotropy tests were included during the test period in order to investigate the in-situ attributes that may affect the velocity in the near surface. It was found that there was an effect, and this accounted for approximately 20% of the velocity change at 90° angles, which is about 6% more than published lab velocity tests at this metamorphic grade within the Otago Schist. This could be due to the depth of the schist in the laboratory tests and also the dip of the schist at this position. The prevalence of fractures at deeper levels in the schist (100- 500 m), observed in the mine may provide more of an indication for azimuthal anisotropy, which may be at a different angle to the schistosity that was 1 Preface measured in these tests. ~e l:~~ anisotropy will characterise the stress regime that was in place when they ~. - .., The application of these known parameters and seismic characteristics of the schist was useful in the design and acquisition of a new seismic survey, and will assist in the design of future surveys within the complex Otago Schist. Department The department where the student is studying primarily. Geology Named locality Named locality describing the field area location. Otago Macraes Flat Thesis description Number of pages, maps, CDs, etc. x, 114 leaves, [10] leaves of plates (fold.) : ill., maps ; 30 cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2005Leslie Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Leslie, Anna. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005 Title A name given to the resource Seismic imaging and modelling of the Hyde-Macraes Shear Zone, Otago, New Zealand Subject The topic of the resource Geophysics Map seismicity shear zones https://theses.otagogeology.org.nz/files/original/a9a0b0d3b1dd288da2a1145bd62c9f3e.pdf 8ea3c5a5bdbdca93a7b1b31a5edce9da Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Geology theses OU Geology thesis Thesis or dissertation completed by University of Otago Geology students Location WKT (WGS84) The location stored in WKT (WGS84) format POLYGON ((169.437912651612152 -43.726684023481653,169.529273187578127 -43.66339471789766,169.590200164261802 -43.691314747724576,169.497622320548629 -43.758903223225225,169.437912651612152 -43.726684023481653)) Author last name Last name of the Author Kilner Project type Is it an MSc, PhD, BSc(Hons) or PGDipSci? BSc(Hons) Advisers Who supervised/advised this student Norris, R.J. Gorman, A.R. Abstract The Abstract for this thesis The Paringa River valley runs perpendicular to the Alpine Fault, the dominant structural feature of the South Island, New Zealand. Previous geological mapping has contributed much to the understanding of South Westland geology, but a number of questions about the geology, structure and evolution of Paringa River region have been left unanswered. In this study a review of this region's geology was undertaken, together with new gravity and magnetic surveys of the Paringa River valley. Work included modelling the basement profile beneath the river flats, identifying origins and evolution of specific valleys, completing the geological map of the region and analysing Western Province intrusives in the Paringa River valley. Mapping of Blackwater Creek showed amphibolite facies, quartzofeldspathic protomylonites with a prominent S-C fabric exposed in Blackwater Creek grading eastwards into schist at the eastern margin of exposure. Pseudotachylytes discovered within the protomylonites indicated minor, high stress seismic ruptures at depth within the Alpine Fault zone. The geochemical analyses of Paringa Western Province intrusives indicated the South Westland region may have paired Paleozoic I- and S-type granitoids which parallel the well-recognised Cretaceous paired plutonic belts. Intruded lamprophyre dykes are thought to be associated with the same subduction episode as the granitoid plutons. The magnetic survey unfortunately did not contribute to increased understanding of the region. The gravity survey provided valuable data, although the normal uncertainties in interpretation of gravity data were compounded by the two-dimension modelling in an area of rapidly changing basement topography. Gravity modelling of the Paringa River valley and the NE trending valley indicated significantly deep (400-600 m) U-shaped, glacially excavated valleys. The Alpine Fault was imaged in the gravity profiles beneath the valley fill, concurring with Simpson's (1992) mapping of the Alpine Fault trace. The Paringa River is postulated to have drained through the NE trending valley northwards before switching to its present southwards course in response to progressive strike-slip offset along the Alpine Fault. This proposal forms the basis of a theory of sequential reoccupation of drainage west of the Alpine Fault. OURArchive handle The handle from the Otago University Research Archive (OURArchive) <a href="http://hdl.handle.net/10523/3809">http://hdl.handle.net/10523/3809</a> OURArchvive access level Open Access Department The department where the student is studying primarily. Geology Named locality Named locality describing the field area location. Paringa River Valley Westland south Thesis description Number of pages, maps, CDs, etc. iv. 100 p. ill. Map (folded in pocket); 30 cm. CD-Rom (4 3/4 in.) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2005Kilner Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kilner, Jeremy William. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005 Title A name given to the resource Geophysical survey of the Paringa River valley, South Westland Subject The topic of the resource Map Geophysics geophysical surveys https://theses.otagogeology.org.nz/files/original/9375fe6cce32253d01ba733562661cc0.pdf 077135976161b5f7f93d58c3eb8c3d9c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Geology theses OU Geology thesis Thesis or dissertation completed by University of Otago Geology students Author last name Last name of the Author Kautz Project type Is it an MSc, PhD, BSc(Hons) or PGDipSci? MSc Advisers Who supervised/advised this student Martin, C.E. Abstract The Abstract for this thesis Chemical and physical erosion processes have been investigated in a wide range of high sediment-yielding rivers from New Zealand using major and trace element data from suspended sediments and fluvial bedload grain size fractions. Analyses of bedload samples from the Haast and Clutha rivers, which drain opposing flanks of the Southern Alps, suggest that weathering is strongly partitioned between the chemical weathering of carbonates and physical weathering of silicates. The similarity of sediments from rivers draining both sides of the drainage divide indicates minimal climatic control on weathering intensity of fluvial sediments. Rather, bedload geochemistry is controlled primarily by mechanical attrition and hydrodynamic fractionation. Combined with suspended and bedload sediment data from rivers throughout New Zealand, these findings suggest that HSI fluvial sedimentary evolution is dominated by physical weathering processes and that several cycles of sedimentary recycling may occur without production of a silicate chemical weathering signature. Average fluvial particulate compositions from New Zealand are similar to estimates of average upper continental crust (UCC) composition. Recalculation of global fluvial elemental fluxes using average New Zealand suspended and bedload sediment compositions as a proxy for sediment derived from all high standing islands (HSis, 33% of total) results in world average compositions that more closely resemble the UCC than previous estimates using major world rivers alone. New Zealand fluvial particulates are among the least chemically weathered in the world, with compositions that are modified from source rock chemistry by physical processes. The Bounty Fan (BF) represents the abyssal marine terminus of the eastern South Island sedimentary system (ESISS), which begins in the actively uplifting Southern Alps and includes fluvial and turbidity current sediment transport. The geochemistry of BF sediments is remarkably similar to parent rocks on the South Island. Although sand~size fluvial bedload sediments from ESISS rivers display different compositions to parent rocks, the incorporation of the silt and finer fraction of ESISS bedload in BF sediments serves to preserve parent rock geochemical signatures. ESISS parent lithologies are dominated by Mesozoic sedimentary rocks and their metamorphosed equivalents. Therefore, it is possible that at least two episodes of sedimentary recycling have occurred without the destruction of 'grandparent' rock geochemical signature. OURArchive handle The handle from the Otago University Research Archive (OURArchive) <a href="http://hdl.handle.net/10523/3040">http://hdl.handle.net/10523/3040</a> OURArchvive access level Abstract Only Department The department where the student is studying primarily. Geology Named locality Named locality describing the field area location. Haast and Clutha Rivers Thesis description Number of pages, maps, CDs, etc. xvi, 209 p. : ill., maps ; 30 cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2005Kautz Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kautz, Christopher Quist. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005 Title A name given to the resource Tracing the geochemical signature of New Zealand river sediments : transport, elemental fluxes and oceanic deposition Subject The topic of the resource Geochemistry geochemical signature geochemistry Otago river sediment https://theses.otagogeology.org.nz/files/original/375c2e6c3f08aa98f9f395b71b79267d.pdf 5cfa179efd3b594b2654a77915fea821 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Geology theses OU Geology thesis Thesis or dissertation completed by University of Otago Geology students Author last name Last name of the Author Henderson Project type Is it an MSc, PhD, BSc(Hons) or PGDipSci? PhD Advisers Who supervised/advised this student Koons, P. Pearson, C. Abstract The Abstract for this thesis The measurements from eighteen GPS (Global Positioning System) surveys and four terrestrial surveys were used to calculate the velocities of 406 survey stations throughout the South Island, Stewart Island and the southemmost North Island. Repeated GPS measurements are available at 350 stations. The calculation of the velocities for the remaining stations is made possible through the use of terrestrial measurements. The velocity was modelled under the assumption that the displacements of the stations are either linear with time or linear punctuated by discontinuities. The discontinuous model was used to estimate the coseismic displacements of stations in the vicinity of the 1994 Arthur's Pass earthquake (M 6.7). The maximum station displacement was estimated to be ea. 40 cm, and significant displacements are seen to a range of ea. 70 km from the earthquake epicentre. Station displacements were also calculated for two later earthquakes in the vicinity of the Arthur' s Pass earthquake, but it was not possible to separate these from the postseismic displacements due to the earlier earthquake. A continuous velocity field was estimated from the discrete station velocity measurements through a stochastic model based on the concept of minimum curvature. The selection of the basic stochastic model was effectively arbitrary; however, the model was refined to better suit the velocity field in the South Island. This was achieved through estimating the correlation between the velocity components (east and north) and the anisotropy of the velocity field. The stochastic model has the advantage over other models (e.g. polynomials or splines) in that only the probable shape of the velocity field is assumed. Therefore, the shape of the velocity field is not restricted by a priori model assumptions. The measurement of the differential velocity across the South Island plate boundary between Christchurch and Cape Farewell is less than 85% of the interplate velocity calculated from NUVEL-1A. One possibility is that the NUVEL-1A model may not be an accurate representation of the motion at this plate boundary. Alternatively, deformation (occurring during the period of survey measurements) may extend a total distance of 150 km or more (assuming that the spatial velocity differential is less than 5x10-7/year) offshore from Christchurch and Cape Farewell. In the southern South Island there is evidence for as much as 22 mm/year of east 1 lhd I I j ! I' directed motion being accommodated between Fiordland's west coast and the stable interior of the Australian Plate. An accretionary wedge has been imaged west of Fiordland (Davey and Smith, 1983; Delteil et al., 1996); therefore, some of this deformation may be related to slip on the subduction interface. The shear strain rates are clearly influenced by the dominant fault elements in the South Island, i.e. the southern and central Alpine Fault, and the eastern Hope Fault. The maximum measured shear strain rate in the South Island, 6(±1) xl0-7/year, occurs adjacent to the Alpine Fault at (170.5°E, 43.3°S), ea. 40 km northeast of Mt Cook, and is coincident with a local dilatational strain rate minimum, -7 (±4.5) xl0-8/year. This is the only location where the measured strain rate is compatible with strike-slip and dip-slip motion on the Alpine Fault. Shear strain rates decrease eastwards along the Hope Fault: from 5(±0.7) xl0-7/year at the Alpine Fault, to 3(±0.8) xl0-7/year close to the Jordan Thrust. The zone of deformation broadens with a concomitant decrease in shear strain rate, such that within the northeast South Island there is no distinct maximum over any particular fault. A band of contraction and shear has been imaged at a distance of 100 km southeast of, and parallel to, the Alpine Fault. The deformation at this location may be related to a frontal thrust zone similar to that described in the two-sided wedge models. The band of deformation continues north of Christchurch, intersecting the Porters Pass Fault Zone. Significant contraction rates are seen in the measurements from four other zones. The first of these is situated towards the northeast (on land) ends of the Clarence, Awatere and Hope Faults. Some of this signal is presumably related to the uplift of the Seaward and Inland Kaikoura Ranges. The three remaining zones of significant negative dilatational strain rate are located north of the Wairau Fault, close to Jackson Bay and within central Otago. A zone of significant shear strain rate is measured along the eastern side of, and within southern Fiordland. The deformation measurements probably partially reflect the existence of an important fault running through Lake Te Anau, which accommodates the motion of the Fiordland block relative to the Pacific Plate. The remainder may be due to internal deformation of the Fiordland block. A new velocity differential measurement has been introduced, the rotational excess. This function of the shear strain rate, vorticity and dilatational strain rate ii should be sensitive to tectonic rotation (as measured by paleomagnetic data). Point estimates of the rotational excess are insignificant throughout the South Island. Also, there are no easily defined regions in which spatially averaged measurements are significant. If the rotational excess is assumed to be a direct measurement of tectonic rotation then the measurements place a bound on the size of the region and the rate at which it rotates. For example, the rate of tectonic rotation within a square region with side lengths of 50 km located adjacent to Cape Campbell is unlikely to be greater than 4°/Ma. However, greater tectonic rotation rates are possible within smaller regions. Department The department where the student is studying primarily. Geology Named locality Named locality describing the field area location. South Island Thesis description Number of pages, maps, CDs, etc. x, 397 p. : ill., maps ; 30 cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2005Henderson Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Henderson, Christopher Mark. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005 Title A name given to the resource Velocity field of the South Island of New Zealand derived from GPS and terrestrial measurements Subject The topic of the resource Geophysics Awatere Fault Clarence Fault GPS Hope Fault velocity fields Wairau Fault https://theses.otagogeology.org.nz/files/original/3875fbb5dd78c69b8984ee8a8bdee30b.pdf a556ef15fc0ef806e90a9390b410424d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Geology theses OU Geology thesis Thesis or dissertation completed by University of Otago Geology students Location WKT (WGS84) The location stored in WKT (WGS84) format POLYGON ((171.200904436660295 -44.810253486013281,171.193155032467018 -45.057837043510993,170.779292057027817 -45.049941077960078,170.79030280156104 -44.807212399869989,171.200904436660295 -44.810253486013281)) Author last name Last name of the Author Heller Project type Is it an MSc, PhD, BSc(Hons) or PGDipSci? MSc Advisers Who supervised/advised this student Peake, B. Craw, D. Abstract The Abstract for this thesis Nitrate and bacterial contamination in the Waitaki Alluvium poses a threat to groundwater bore users, connected surface water systems and to further development of the unconfined aquifer. The existing land use is predominantly dairying, and a large volume of dairy shed effluent along with on-farm nitrogen from urea patches and animal dung is irrigated with the existing Waitaki River based irrigation scheme, providing a surface based recharge source to the aquifer. Potable (household) and dairy shed bore-water supplies are very susceptible to degradation from excessive concentrations of nitrate and bacterial counts. Moreover, the ·overlying soils are very porous and depth to the water table is relatively small. Discharges to land may inevitably threaten groundwater and be difficult to remedy under natural conditions. This research involved a physical and chemical modelling approach to determine nitrate (NNN) and faecal coliform (FC) contamination of the aquifer. The modelling process established the geo-hydrological parameters of the groundwater system, a detailed water balance, and geo-chemical analysis of nitrate and bacterial dispersion and decay within the aquifer. The variability in source concentrations of NNN and FC were calibrated on existing land use inventory database information. Initially steady state, then transient model simulations using finite difference numerical modelling calibrated to field evidence, were developed to provide sound resource management criteria for the sustainable management of dairy effluent discharges and ultimately land use nitrate-loading to the Lower Waitaki Alluvium. Modelling consisted of Visual MODFLOW simulations, utilising approximately 60,000, 100 m by 100 m cells containing lumped estimates for hydraulic conductivity, thickness, porosity, dispersion and decay values. Initially the physical MODFLOW model was required to examine stresses and boundaries of the Lower Waitaki aquifer system. The mass-transport model MT3D was then used to simulate nitrate and bacterial flux through the aquifer for steady state, then transient simulations for the period of 1998-2002 (5 years) with monthly time steps/stress periods. The results for calibration and sensitivity analysis of the models were mixed, with good calibration to field data obtained for the physical flow model of root mean squared (RMS) error in heads of <1 m or 2.5%, and target outflows to springs < 5% error. The sensitivity of target heads to percentage variations in recharge and hydraulic conductivity in the models was m similar. The errors associated with NNN and FC concentrations reflected the variability in the data, and the limitations of the modelling process to replicate actual conditions. RMS errors in concentrations for the models were in the order of 25% reflecting 1.5 mg/L NNN and 0.32 cfu/100 mL FC respectively. For the transient water quality model, the overall RMS error for NNN was compared to Kendall trend tests on the data. A slope of +0.232 mg/L/year and a p-value of >0.05 was obtained for the data. The test however was significant at the 10% level (p=0.1). FC data were highly variable and trends were very weak. For the Kendall trend tests, a slope of 0 and a pvalue> 0.2 were obtained for the data. Hence, the model also gave a poor fit to most of the field data. The median values however, showed a very good relationship with the annual flux (seasonal trend) of irrigation water throughout the aquifer system. The modelling results were therefore not statistically significant. However, the modelling process detected a weak, increasing trend for NNN levels, and forward prediction modelling suggested that for a 25% increase in source concentrations, peak aquifer concentrations in some areas would only rise to 6 mg/L by the year 2012. FC concentrations marginally increased in the forward prediction model and were generally widespread in the aquifer at low levels. However, there was significant decay of FC concentrations through the soil profile and FC also decayed readily in groundwater, consistent with published decay rates. Of note in this model was the large buffering capacity of surface waters associated with theW aitaki River, which essentially diluted the nitrate flux from the aquifer to wetlands and springs. The dilution of the irrigation scheme alone is 20: 1 in the current nitrate recharge source. Department The department where the student is studying primarily. Geology Named locality Named locality describing the field area location. Waitaki alluvium aquifer Otago north Waitaki River watershed Thesis description Number of pages, maps, CDs, etc. x, 104, [16] leaves : ill., maps ; 30 cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2005Heller Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Heller, Thomas B. (Thomas Brendan) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005 Title A name given to the resource Modelling nitrate & bacterial contamination in the lower Waitaki alluvium aquifer, North Otago, New Zealand Subject The topic of the resource Hydrology bacterial contamination contamination ground water pollution microbial contamination nitrate https://theses.otagogeology.org.nz/files/original/3bae35718e77cbe8068051a015e58800.pdf c498e241d59cc291cb22da92d14113f1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Geology theses OU Geology thesis Thesis or dissertation completed by University of Otago Geology students Author last name Last name of the Author Hardy Project type Is it an MSc, PhD, BSc(Hons) or PGDipSci? BSc(Hons) Advisers Who supervised/advised this student White, J.D.L. Abstract The Abstract for this thesis Lake Okaro was formed approximately 700 years ago, simultaneous with a late stage of the Kaharoa eruptive phase at Tarawera, in a phreatic eruption that induced a number of secondary hydrothermal eruptions. The phreatic eruption was initiated within or beneath the welded Rangitaiki Ignimbrite and involved the excavation of a crater at least 80-metres deep at the south end of the present lake, with the resulting ejecta creating a ‘cap’ over an area of previous hydrothermal activity now occupied by the north end of the lake. I infer that increases in pressure as a result of the hydrothermal system being buried by material from the phreatic eruption led to a number of shallowly focused (<60 metres depth) hydrothermal eruptions, which helped fill the phreatic eruption crater, making the lake its present shape. Slumping into the craters, in addition to redeposition of Kaharoa tephra and AD1886 Rotomahana Mud from the surrounding hills, filled the lake to its present observed depth, with deep points indicating the position of original craters. Erosion rills scarring hillsides to the north of Lake Okaro occur entirely within the Rotomahana Mud and represent part of the immediate sedimentary response to the AD1886 eruption. Increased sediment flow from erosion of the Rotomahana Mud over a low-permeability soil horizon developed in the Okaro Deposit initially caused degradation of valley floors, but once the rills stabilised and the sediment flow decreased, aggradation rates of approximately 0.013 metres/year occurred raising the valley floors 0.10 metres higher than their pre-eruption level by 1917, when the Frying Pan Flat hydrothermal eruption at Waimangu deposited a layer of material over the area. Department The department where the student is studying primarily. Geology Named locality Named locality describing the field area location. Rotomahana Lake Okaro Thesis description Number of pages, maps, CDs, etc. 66 leaves : ill., maps ; 30 cm. + 1 CD-ROM (4 3/4 in.) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2005Hardy Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hardy, Lyndon Winter. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005 Title A name given to the resource Lake Okaro : explosions and erosion : a study into erosion on the hills to the north of Lake Okaro and the 0.7 ka phreatic and hydrothermal eruptions at Lake Okaro to help understand the current geomorphology Subject The topic of the resource Hydrology Geothermal hydrothermal explosions Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Geology theses OU Geology thesis Thesis or dissertation completed by University of Otago Geology students Author last name Last name of the Author Everitt Project type Is it an MSc, PhD, BSc(Hons) or PGDipSci? BSc(Hons) Advisers Who supervised/advised this student McKergow, L. Fitzsimons, S. Department The department where the student is studying primarily. Geography Geology Named locality Named locality describing the field area location. Otago Woodlands Waikouaiti Invermay Thesis description Number of pages, maps, CDs, etc. vii. 74 p. ill. Diagms, 30 cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2005Everitt Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Everitt, Kelly Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005 Title A name given to the resource The effect of increasing rainfall intensity on phosphorus concentration in surface runoff. Subject The topic of the resource Hydrology environmental aspects phosphorus concentration rainfall surface runoff https://theses.otagogeology.org.nz/files/original/cf9d95c66fc9abf46c648fea32b25f04.pdf 22d0e578d62f626c2bd8c48c832dc4c7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Geology theses OU Geology thesis Thesis or dissertation completed by University of Otago Geology students Location WKT (WGS84) The location stored in WKT (WGS84) format POLYGON ((170.65608753074946 -77.562057616076615,169.925001679483756 -78.648782917432698,164.13705178231271 -78.408168273440168,165.349204115465511 -77.346396867272929,170.65608753074946 -77.562057616076615)) Author last name Last name of the Author Clifford Project type Is it an MSc, PhD, BSc(Hons) or PGDipSci? MSc Advisers Who supervised/advised this student Wilson, G.S. Abstract The Abstract for this thesis global environmental change. Such changes are of particular concern in West Antarctica the world's largest marine ice sheet (the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, WAIS) could cause m global sea level rise, should it collapse. Many studies have, therefore, focused on the largest ice shelves buffering the WAIS from the oceans (the Ross and Ronne-Filchner ice ves). However, an understanding of the dynamics and stability of these large ice shelves is 'ted by their inaccessibility and the complex behaviour of the ice streams and glaciers that them. Conversely, the McMurdo Ice Shelf (MIS) at the north-west edge of the Ross Ice (RIS) has dimensions of only 100 x 50 km and is relatively accessible, making it a good 'ILIV''"'H'"~~ analogue for the glacial processes of the RIS. uH,...,~,J~v5,·,.., data for the northern MIS are abundant and show that this part of the ice shelf is fed by the RIS, the Ross Island glaciers and the Koettlitz Glacier. In contrast, the present glaciologic regime of the southern MIS (SMIS; between the volcanic landmasses of Black Island, Mount Discovery and Minna Bluff) has mainly been inferred from limited spot measurements published over 30 years ago (Swithinbank, 1970). The SMIS is distinctive in that glacial deposits are preserved at its margins and on its surface, providing evidence for former ice shelf and ice sheet activity in southern McMurdo Sound. Consequently, there is potential to evaluate how an ice shelf responds to environmental change, as, on the SMIS, the preserved glacial deposits can be interpreted in terms of active processes that can be readily measured within the confines of a comparatively small area. The major motivation for the present research has been to determine the present glaciologic regime of the SMIS by compiling data-sets relating to its physiography and flow characteristics, with which former inferences can be tested and vulnerability of the ice shelf to climate change can be assessed. Geophysical data (GPS, ground-penetrating radar, seismic, aeromagnetic and gravity surveys) were acquired on the SMIS over three consecutive austral summers (2002/03-2004/05) in conjunction with ANDRILL site investigations. These data have been compiled with morphometric analyses (satellite images, aerial photographs and field observations) to identify: (i) surface accumulation/ablation areas, (ii) ice surface elevation, (iii) ice shelf thickness, (iv) horizontal flow velocities, (v) pinning points/grounding zones (vi) areas of marine ice accretion and, (vii) active sediment transport processes. iii The results show that south-westerly katabatic winds deposit snow and sediment in the surface accumulation area south of Black and White islands, where surface elevation is highest (>-20 m ellipsoid height) and the ice shelf is thickest (190 ± 10 m). Surface elevation and ice thickness decrease towards the south (Minna Bluff) and west (Moraine Strait), where the katabatic winds are strongest, and cause surface ablation. The flow pattern follows the same directional trend, indicating that it is driven by gravitational creep. Flow is regulated by frictional resistance at grounding zones, located at the landmass margins and below a midshelf ice rise, where a seamount intersects the base of the SMIS. The horizontal flow velocities (~2-7 m a-1) are up to two orders of magnitude lower than those observed on the adjacent RIS and northern MIS and there is negligible input from these ice shelves. This indicates that the SMIS is an independent ice shelf characterized by its wind-driven glaciologic regime and thus is not an analogue for the neighbouring RIS. In addition, the SMIS is buffered from potential collapse by the MIS and the surrounding land masses, and, therefore, will not respond to climate change in the same way as the exposed ice shelves that surround the rest of the continent. Department The department where the student is studying primarily. Geology Named locality Named locality describing the field area location. McMurdo Ice shelf southern Antarctica Thesis description Number of pages, maps, CDs, etc. xiii, 238 p. : ill., maps (some fold.) ; 30 cm. + 1 CD-ROM. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2005Clifford Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Clifford, Andrew E. (Andrew Eliot) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005 Title A name given to the resource Physiography, flow characteristics and vulnerability of the Southern McMurdo Ice shelf, Antarctica Subject The topic of the resource Geomorphology ice sheets