1 10 11 https://theses.otagogeology.org.nz/files/original/48bcea4e8a681b173987a7bb22b0fea9.pdf cf6f2bcca398b74ad580cf2509d15e3c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Geology theses OU Geology thesis Thesis or dissertation completed by University of Otago Geology students Location WKT (WGS84) The location stored in WKT (WGS84) format POLYGON ((168.119659543000012 -44.939279575999933,168.119527070000117 -44.940937253999948,168.067110221000121 -44.939093817999947,168.061880999000095 -44.938901906999945,168.061910163000107 -44.938632691999942,168.062106685000117 -44.936838016999957,168.062831060000121 -44.930161535999957,168.06608299200002 -44.925179793999973,168.072297500000104 -44.915654509999968,168.085080416000096 -44.896054763999985,168.093130446000032 -44.883703814999933,168.095969731000082 -44.879343938999966,168.124377071000026 -44.880687299999977,168.120627166000077 -44.92726734799993,168.119659543000012 -44.939279575999933)) Author last name Last name of the Author Williams Project type Is it an MSc, PhD, BSc(Hons) or PGDipSci? BSc(Hons) Advisers Who supervised/advised this student Landis, C.A. Abstract The Abstract for this thesis The area round Cascade Creek from the Livingstone Fault to the Te Anau - Milford road has been mapped. Previous work on the Permian sequence in Otago - Southland and Nelson is examined in some detail. Group names applied to the rock formations of the area are; Humboldt, Brook Street and Maitai. Reasons for this nomenclature are given in Appendix 1. A section of the Eglinton Volcanics along Cascade Creek is described, lithologies present include quartz keratophyre, andesite and volcanogenic sediments. An infaulted sliver of Murihiku Supergroup may be represented by one outcrop in the creek. The north end of the southern section of the Livingstone Volcanics occurs one mile south of Cascade Creek. These rocks are briefly described and classified as epidiorites. The Red Mountain Ultramafics consist of sheared serpentinite, blocky serpentinite and tectonic inclusions. X-ray analysis of the sheared serpentinite suggests that all three serpentine polymorphs are present, viz., antigorite, crysotile and lizardite. Two types of tectonic inclusions are recognised, those with dioritic composition, and those metasomatised to rodingite. X-ray analysis of hydrogrossular from five rodingites suggests a low degree of hydration and a formation temperature (630 - 750°C) outside the stability field of serpentine - assumed to be 500°C. Chlorite from inclusion margins is moderately aluminous and rich in magnesium relative to iron. It is not known whether the ultramafics were laid down before the Livingstone Volcanics or subsequently intruded along the Livingstone Fault. The steeply dipping sediments exposed between the Eglinton and Livingstone Volcanics are referred to as the Maitai Group. Volcanic breccias, sandstones and argillites underlying the Howden Limestone, and previously included in the Livingstone Volcanics, are placed in the newly defined Cascade Formation. The type section is situated half a mile south of the triple forks in Cascade Creek. Atomodesma - bearing Annear Sandstone overlies the Howden Limestone and is overlain by the massive, unfossiliferous, well sorted Key Summit Sandstone. Most of the Maitai sediment is volcanically derived. Alkali analyses of the two volcanic suites show a higher K20:Na20 ratio in the Eglinton Volcanics. These results are considered to support Challis' theory that the two belts were genetically distinct. The Key Summit Syncline axis is mapped as a faulted axis along the contact separating the Annear and Key Summit Formations The Livingstone and Hollyford Faults are steeply dipping features approximately one mile apart east of Lake Gunn. The strike directions of two other near vertical faults make an angle of approximately 30° with the Livingstone Fault. They may be part of a conjugate set between the Livingstone and Hollyford faults. Active, or very recent scarps near the top of, and parallel to ridge crests, may be the result of gravitational adjustment in mountains whose slopes have been oversteepened by ice movement. All rocks in the area have undergone regional metamorphism. The Maitai sediments contain lawsonite without prehnite and are classified as lawsonite- albite facies. The Eglinton Volcanics are assigned to the prehnite - pumpellyite facies, and the Livingstone Volcanics to the higher grade pumpellyite-actinolite schist facies. A brief geological history is given. The width of Maitai sediments exposed in Cascade Creek is probably the narrowest anywhere along the marginal syncline, and this area may have the greatest depth of erosion in the syncline. Department The department where the student is studying primarily. Geology Named locality Named locality describing the field area location. Cascade Creek Eglinton Valley Thesis description Number of pages, maps, CDs, etc. vi. 69 p. ill, photos, map (folded in pocket); 27 cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1969Williams Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Williams, JG Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969 Title A name given to the resource The Geology of Cascade Creek, Eglinton Valley. Subject The topic of the resource Map Igneous petrology Sedimentary petrology Paleozoic Atomodesma Cascade Formation serpentinite https://theses.otagogeology.org.nz/files/original/341596745aa674b2d47f5841ce865148.pdf 6ccd42006fa6c045871d6a367806f7f6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. 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-46.356877232999977,169.765653875000112 -46.342785564999986,169.730025660000024 -46.328605221999965,169.727046152000071 -46.330324612999959,169.701738742000089 -46.344910062999986,169.70241937500009 -46.345680493999964,169.707523486000014 -46.351451802999975,169.711165651000101 -46.355575825999949,169.700792373000013 -46.368692123999949,169.716482064000047 -46.367861439999956)) Author last name Last name of the Author Waddell Project type Is it an MSc, PhD, BSc(Hons) or PGDipSci? BSc(Hons) Advisers Who supervised/advised this student Campbell, J.D. Landis, C.A. Abstract The Abstract for this thesis A map and description of the geology of 9 square miles of the Romahapa area is presented. The area is underlain by sedimentary rocks of ?upper Palaeozoic and lower Mesozoic age. Fossil evidence fixes the age limits as Permian or post-Permian to pre-Oretian. The oldest rocks of the area are described as two new formations, a lower North Romahapa Conglomerate and an upper Waituti Formation, comprising the North Romahapa Group. A distinctive conglomerate from this group is described in lithologic and petrographic detail. The group is established on lithologic grounds. The other rocks of the area are not so extensively described. Where applicable all rocks are described and compared using Folk's sandstone classification. The vast majority of the rocks fall in the "volcanic arenite" area of this classification. Alteration effects are considered to be consistent with zeolite facies metamorphism. A tentative structural interpretation is given, based on the limited field data available. It is not claimed to be the only possible interpretation, nor necessarily the correct one, and is likely to be a gross simplification. On its basis, an episode of deformation of possible late Permian age is tentatively suggested. Finally a brief section on economic geology is presented. Department The department where the student is studying primarily. Geology Named locality Named locality describing the field area location. Romahapa Otago Thesis description Number of pages, maps, CDs, etc. 70 leaves. Photos, map (folded in pocket); 27 cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1969Waddell Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Waddell, SJ Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969 Title A name given to the resource Geology of Romahapa area, south-east Otago. Subject The topic of the resource Map Mesozoic Sedimentary petrology Structural geology Metamorphic geology arenite conglomerate volcanic arenite zeolite facies https://theses.otagogeology.org.nz/files/original/d7028dda7449699ff4b4c38ccfbb95e2.pdf faabae4b2fb4473e2d9e6ad0876356fd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Geology theses OU Geology thesis Thesis or dissertation completed by University of Otago Geology students Location WKT (WGS84) The location stored in WKT (WGS84) format POLYGON ((168.667424133000054 -45.054978712999969,168.660706700000105 -45.056020936999971,168.659066718000076 -45.0562750199999,168.644430863000025 -45.058551861999945,168.501999625000053 -45.080560182999932,168.502410668000039 -45.079891157999953,168.534610983000107 -45.027366523999945,168.55717267600005 -44.990502998999943,168.560942286000113 -44.988448457999937,168.606213023000123 -44.963750259999983,168.614168517000053 -44.959405984999933,168.619111545000123 -44.964198191999969,168.629553274000045 -44.974321012999951,168.634025339000118 -44.978653121999969,168.634410295000066 -44.979023595999934,168.650030480000055 -44.99415608299995,168.683839596000098 -45.026870276999944,168.682437426000092 -45.046675233999963,168.682400342000051 -45.047219057999939,168.682310029000064 -45.048481830999947,168.682295391000025 -45.048679541999945,168.682009959000084 -45.052706128999944,168.668208889000084 -45.05485480599998,168.667424133000054 -45.054978712999969)) Author last name Last name of the Author Turnbull Project type Is it an MSc, PhD, BSc(Hons) or PGDipSci? BSc(Hons) Advisers Who supervised/advised this student Bishop, D.G. Campbell, J.D. Abstract The Abstract for this thesis (ABSTRACT of paper given at Geological Society of N.Z. Conference, November 29th, 1969) Schist Structure and Stratigraphy, Faulting and Tertiary Sedimentation in the Queenstown-Bob's Cove Area I.M. Turnbull University of Otago The schist in the Bob's Cove-Queenstown area grades from Chl II to Chl lV and is dividible into 3 stratigraphic units, one of which extends 30 miles to the north, Younging directions and mesoscopic folds in bedding and bedding foliation (termed F1 -folds) show that these units are on the overturned limb of a nappe-like fold with an axis plunging 45° SW and rooting to the NW. Another generation of folds in foliation (F3- folds) is developed close to major faults and individual folds can reach macroscopic proportions, F3 folds were developed during a period or sub-horizontal east-west compression which initiated movement on the Moonlight Fault and other major faults in the area. A new occurrence of marine Tertiary strata (?Landon) is mapped along the downthrown side of a newly-discovered major reverse fault (the 2 Mile Creek Fault) 5 miles E of, and parallel to, the Moonlight Fault. Another NNE-striking fault passes through the summit of Wedge Peak and a third parallels the S bank of 12 Mile Creek to be truncated by the Moonlight Fault. Landon rocks at Bob's Cove are bonded by the Moonlight Fault on the west and rest unconformably on sohist to the east. Lithological evidence shows that those sediments and those in the 2 Mile Creek and Moonlight Fault zones were derived from schist up thrown to the west during a second phase of movement on the Moonlight Fault. A marine connection of the Te Anau Basin is also postulated in some places, as at Bob's Cove, the sediments have been folded in F3 style by the latest period of fault movement in the area. Department The department where the student is studying primarily. Geology Named locality Named locality describing the field area location. Bobs Cove Moke Creek Queenstown Thesis description Number of pages, maps, CDs, etc. 42 leaves, ill, photos, diagms, map (folded in pocket); 26 cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1969Turnbull Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Turnbull, IM Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969 Title A name given to the resource Stratigraphy, Structure and Metamorphism in the Bob's Cove-Moke Creek-Queenstown Area, Lake Wakatipu. Subject The topic of the resource Map Lithostratigraphy Structural geology Metamorphic geology greenschist Moonlight Fault nappe pumpellyite https://theses.otagogeology.org.nz/files/original/4e69a5308aed1757e470c018bdc6660b.pdf 2a61aba00848cc7d4fd4687b1fc6c86c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Geology theses OU Geology thesis Thesis or dissertation completed by University of Otago Geology students Location WKT (WGS84) The location stored in WKT (WGS84) format POLYGON ((167.436818673125941 -46.138978155686523,167.521921437271089 -46.144529983934717,167.518317564435108 -46.160076107121547,167.435189768972123 -46.155094479647694,167.436818673125941 -46.138978155686523)) Author last name Last name of the Author Sutherland Project type Is it an MSc, PhD, BSc(Hons) or PGDipSci? BSc(Hons) Abstract The Abstract for this thesis This paper describes the geology and palaeoecology of some upper Tertiary sedimentary rocks exposed in coastal cliffs in Te Waewae Bay, between Rowallan Burn and Waikoau River, on the northern edge of N.Z.M.S.l 8.175 (Fig. 1). Fieldwork was carried out during early 1969, sixteen days being spent in the field. Access is by logging road from Papatotara , or along the beach, which is safe for cars at low tide. Dense scrubby bush obscures outcrop except for portions of the coastal cliffs and the mouths of streams. Rowallan Burn, Birch's Mill and Waikoau River are the only formally named localities, all other names have been coined by the author to aid description of specific localities. The author wishes to thank the Benson Memorial fund for assistance with field expenses; Dr. R.M. Carter, Associate Professor J. D. Campbell and Mr. C.A. Landis for much helpful advice; the author's parents and relatives, Miss B. More, Miss A. Guilford, and Mcintyre's Milling Company for assistance in many ways. Department The department where the student is studying primarily. Geology Named locality Named locality describing the field area location. Te Wae Wae Bay Birchs Hill Southland Thesis description Number of pages, maps, CDs, etc. 56 leaves. Ill, photos, map (folded in pocket); 27 cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1969Sutherland Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Sutherland, JI Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969 Title A name given to the resource Paleontology and Ecology of some Tertiary sediments in Te Waewae Bay, Southland. Subject The topic of the resource Map Paleontology Cenozoic Opoitian Stage Waitotaran Stage https://theses.otagogeology.org.nz/files/original/22276cb83d90a3a7c6bfbf660a7926fa.pdf f55abc564c9c02e184992578a822ae57 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Geology theses OU Geology thesis Thesis or dissertation completed by University of Otago Geology students Location WKT (WGS84) The location stored in WKT (WGS84) format POLYGON ((168.480614054000057 -45.657158812999967,168.482976521000069 -45.657227386999978,168.479921153000078 -45.709563590999949,168.478801986000121 -45.72868422099998,168.416893106000089 -45.726641880999978,168.42146493600012 -45.655420601999936,168.480614054000057 -45.657158812999967)) Author last name Last name of the Author McOnie Project type Is it an MSc, PhD, BSc(Hons) or PGDipSci? BSc(Hons) Advisers Who supervised/advised this student Coombs, D.S. Abstract The Abstract for this thesis A general discussion of the geology of the North Lumsden area, Southland, describes a thick sequence of argillittes, tuffaceous greywackes, and Atomodesma-bearing sandstones of probable upper Permian age, with intercalated and intrusive spilitic and keratophyric volcanic rocks, herein assigned as to the Livingstone volcanic group. A minor amount of an intrusive sodic granite is compared with the Otama complex rocks. I have included a discussion of the possibilities, from the present study, of correlating the Permian rocks from the extremities of the Southland syncline, with no firm conclusions being reached. The petrogenetic aspects of the volcanic rocks are considered, with a conclusion that their present appearance is due mainly to those burial metamorphic effects which affected the enclosing sediments. The compositions of some epidotes have been studied relative to the mode of occurrence of that mineral in the volcanic rocks, and a discussion of various determinative methods is included. An attempt has been made to see if there is any systematic relationship between chemical composition and powder x-ray parameters for samples of the pumpellyite mineral series. Department The department where the student is studying primarily. Geology Named locality Named locality describing the field area location. Lumsden Thesis description Number of pages, maps, CDs, etc. 83 leaves, ill, photos, diagms, map (folded in pocket); 27 cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1969McOnie Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource McOnie, AW Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969 Title A name given to the resource The Geology of the North Lumsden District, Southland. Subject The topic of the resource Map Igneous petrology Metamorphic geology epidote laumontite Livingstone Volcanics pumpellyite Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Geology theses OU Geology thesis Thesis or dissertation completed by University of Otago Geology students Author last name Last name of the Author MacPherson Project type Is it an MSc, PhD, BSc(Hons) or PGDipSci? PGDipSci Advisers Who supervised/advised this student Read, P B Abstract The Abstract for this thesis Geological mapping conducted in an area surrounding Hyde, Central Otago, indicated that chlorite subzone schist underlay a succession of Tertiary rocks consisting of marine and freshwater sediments of the Stranraer Group, and alkali olivine basalts of the Waipiata Formation. The Haast schists consisted of massive and layered rock; the major mappable schist structure was a planar schistosity, and minor locally developed mesoscopic folding was observed. The Stranraer Group was subdivided into the Horse Burn and Hyde Formations, and the Hyde Formation was subdivided into the Fullarton and White Cliffs Members. Marine, glauconitic, sparsely fossiliferous, Bortonian (mid Eocene) age Horse Burn sands were deposited as a thin prism only in the north-east corner of the mapped area. During fresh-water Fullarton deposition gravels and sands poured into two localised, structurally controlled depocentres, and a thin sheet of Fullarton sediment was deposited across part of the remainder of the area. Fullarton sediments overlay Horse Burn sands in the Horse Burn type section. The White Cliffs depositional event was in part marine, at times hypersaline. White Cliffs sediments overlay Fullarton sediments in the west and south, and lay directly on schist in the centre of the examined area. A thin flow of Waipiata basalt overlay the Stranraer Group, and formed resistent caps on flat-topped hills near Hyde, and the extrusive centre, a large and structurally differentiated lava pond intruded by a sub-parallel dike swarm and numerous plugs, was exposed near Tiroiti. Correlation of Stranraer rocks with sections to the south and north-east indicated that in the Tertiary the Hyde area was situated near the shallow southern edge of a transgressive sea that passed inland to the north and west, and back to the present day coast, with only minor influence on the local depositional history. OURArchive handle The handle from the Otago University Research Archive (OURArchive) <a href="http://hdl.handle.net/10523/4588">http://hdl.handle.net/10523/4588</a> OURArchvive access level Abstract Only Department The department where the student is studying primarily. Geology Named locality Named locality describing the field area location. Hyde Otago Central Thesis description Number of pages, maps, CDs, etc. ix, 87 leaves : illus., fold. maps (in pockets) ; 28 cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1969MacPherson Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource MacPherson, JM Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969 Title A name given to the resource Geology of the Tertiary sediments surrounding Hyde, Otago. Subject The topic of the resource Map Cenozoic Igneous petrology Metamorphic geology Sedimentology Chlorite Zones Haast Schist Stranraer Group Waipiata Formation https://theses.otagogeology.org.nz/files/original/27da403f1bf00a74c1363b036e6ebf7c.pdf dd5020b45eac5d20a7dc1ec874da8f5a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Geology theses OU Geology thesis Thesis or dissertation completed by University of Otago Geology students Location WKT (WGS84) The location stored in WKT (WGS84) format MULTIPOLYGON (((168.106821534000119 -45.272236923999948,168.099704544000048 -45.353349782999935,168.098304417000122 -45.36926046699994,168.097710299000028 -45.376001018999951,168.094169331000103 -45.416242452999938,168.094005365000044 -45.418097089999932,168.080946251000114 -45.41752798199996,168.07928537500004 -45.417453279999954,168.068276793000109 -45.416969369999947,168.067530676000075 -45.416937754999921,168.053235758000028 -45.416304059999952,168.018608661000059 -45.414768465999941,168.024241846000137 -45.350117864999952,168.025120023000113 -45.340026805999969,168.027040405000093 -45.317962990999938,168.030894646000121 -45.273623970999942,168.031287591000023 -45.26908355199999,168.021082243000023 -45.268650829999949,167.981985178000087 -45.266994317999945,167.977377146000123 -45.266799509999942,167.978071127000021 -45.258544162999961,167.979273678000027 -45.244274839999953,167.988156429000043 -45.138544670999963,167.995097274000074 -45.060250461999942,167.998419775000116 -45.022717446999927,168.006043699000088 -44.93636989,168.061910163000135 -44.938632691999928,168.067194752000091 -44.938844997999986,168.119527070000117 -44.940937253999941,168.144731618000037 -44.941936129999924,168.134112943000105 -45.06617915299995,168.126855400000096 -45.15074882399994,168.126822970000035 -45.151135097999948,168.118964687000016 -45.248286294999943,168.117677135000122 -45.264170287999946,168.117581114000018 -45.265347185999985,168.116986873000116 -45.272660225999978,168.106821534000119 -45.272236923999948)),((168.066082992000048 -44.925179793999973,168.023258259000016 -44.923522089999949,168.023303336000026 -44.922919984999965,168.02398464500007 -44.913789469999976,168.029316868000052 -44.85026077,168.030458310000114 -44.836448450999967,168.033542663000048 -44.799080951999919,168.040105802000113 -44.719395543999944,168.044872859000066 -44.66557522799998,168.057405057000096 -44.522002480999959,168.058014632000095 -44.514983179999945,168.061623832000123 -44.473478419999935,168.062799976000065 -44.473529067999934,168.076689560000091 -44.474108229999956,168.093349374000013 -44.474799718999968,168.156419421000152 -44.477394812999925,168.186345674000137 -44.478613817999971,168.220813070000077 -44.480009544999959,168.241586597000065 -44.480845752999976,168.240462704000066 -44.493761835999962,168.239243782000017 -44.507728659999934,168.237439607000056 -44.528404977999948,168.237335757000125 -44.529608601999925,168.236566619000087 -44.53839730199995,168.233609276000067 -44.572286069999961,168.213868873000052 -44.605283656999966,168.210095314000114 -44.611589943999959,168.206881912000114 -44.65091741,168.205134337000118 -44.672281321999947,168.203639210000148 -44.690545733999954,168.201628171000038 -44.715094355999952,168.191110734000091 -44.843123558999935,168.188193894000079 -44.878524221999967,168.183974053000071 -44.929659743999927,168.145010263000046 -44.92819112199993,168.120627166000077 -44.927267347999916,168.074051681000014 -44.925488453999954,168.066082992000048 -44.925179793999973)),((168.256676420000076 -44.259981604999943,168.246447166000053 -44.259557022999942,168.248368448000065 -44.224251490999961,168.249452667000043 -44.204306611999982,168.249627067000119 -44.201096985999975,168.283657356000049 -44.201512615999945,168.285626165000053 -44.201536346999944,168.296592034000042 -44.201667890999943,168.356834553000112 -44.202371472999971,168.387082412000041 -44.202712568999971,168.434902555000122 -44.203235239999955,168.433723120000082 -44.227276540999974,168.433401976000027 -44.233818777999936,168.432323633000124 -44.255774295999956,168.431766815000088 -44.267104050999926,168.413641506000118 -44.266379434999969,168.407930165000039 -44.266150497999945,168.370108459000107 -44.264627098999938,168.354848383000103 -44.264008830999941,168.28088285700008 -44.260982603999935,168.256676420000076 -44.259981604999943))) Author last name Last name of the Author Landis Project type Is it an MSc, PhD, BSc(Hons) or PGDipSci? PhD Advisers Who supervised/advised this student Coombs, D.S. Abstract The Abstract for this thesis Stratigraphy and lithology of Upper Permian and overlying Triassic rocks of the Key Summit-Nelson Regional Syncline are described. In general, these descriptions verify earlier stratigraphic observations by Wellman, Grindley, Waterhouse, and others. However, many new data are presented and several stratigraphic refinements and alterations are proposed. It is proposed that the base of the Bryneira Group be extended downward to include a varied suite (ca 150 m thick) of conglomerates, red and green breccias, greenish volcanic sandstones, black siltstones, impure limestones, etc, which underlie the Howden limestone and overlie the highest volcanic rocks of the Humboldt Group. The name Upukerora Formation is proposed for these rocks. Lithologically similar rocks (e.g. upper part of the Glennie Formation) occur at the same stratigraphic horizon in the east limb of the Nelson Regional Syncline. Following deposition of the Upukerora Formation, the area of the Key Summit-Nelson Regional Syncline -- a shallow-shelf at that time -- became the site of extensive carbonate sedimentation. The resulting rocks, the Howden and Wooded Peak limestones, consist very largely of comminuted (sand grade) prismatic shell fragments which were derived from the bivalve Atomodesma. Terrigenous debris, largely volcanogenic, comprises a relatively minor part of these rocks. The limestones are thin to absent in the southern part of the Key Summit Regional Syncline and in the northern part of the Nelson Regional Syncline. Thickness in the area between Key Summit and Mt. Barrington varies from 400-1000 m. Newly discovered Howden exposures are recorded from the west limb of the Key Summit Regional Syncline. These rocks resemble closely their east limb correlatives and also correlative strata in the Productus Creek Terrane. Similar Rocks also occur in the Arthurton Fold Belt and the Torlesse Terrane. It is suggested that a great sedimentary blanket (with a few holes) extended well beyond present syncline boundaries. Facies variations and possible shore-line positions are discussed. Limestone sedimentation was succeeded by the deposition of terrigenous sands which now comprise the Annear and Tramway formations. These rocks comprise thin-bedded, calcareous and fossiliferous, sandstones and siltstones. Thickness of Annear-Tramway strata is generally similar to that of Howden-Wooded Peak strata. In addition, regional thickness variations tend to be in sympathy with variations in Howden-Wooded Peak thickness. The depositional environment remained similar to that of the Howden-Wooded Peak beds (a relatively shallow stable shelf), and Atomodesma continued to flourish. The terrigenous sand portion of Annear-Tramway rocks is distinctly more quartzose and less volcanogenic than other Bryneira-Maitai strata. Current-bedding at Mt. Barrington indicates sediment transport from west to east. Petrographically and stratigraphically similar rocks also occur in the Productus Creek and Torlesse terranes. It is suggested that the Annear and Tramway formations may comprise a portion of a relatively quartzofeldspathic sandstone blanket which originally spread across nearly the entire width of the New Zealand Geosyncline. A suite of massive, green, unfossiliferous, volcanogenic sandstones are widespread within both limbs of the regional syncline, and they are commonly quite thick -- 150-1200 m. They are especially well-developed in the vicinity of the Key Summit Ridge, and it is proposed that a new formation, the Key Summit Sandstone, be recognized (previous maps have included both Key Summit and Annear strata within the Howden and Tapara formations). The correlative formation in the Nelson Regional Syncline is the Little Ben Sandstone. Key Summit - Little Ben sediments consist almost entirely of first cycle basaltic and andesitic debris which appears to have been deposited quite rapidly (probably from turbidity currents) in an elongated basin or trench. Formation of this basin appears to have coincided with cessation of deposition of quartzo-feldspathic sediment of the Annear and Tramway formations, and also with the virtual disappearance of Atomodesma from Bryneira-Maitai seas. The axis of the basin of deposition appears to have coincided approximately with the present regional syncline axis. Petrographically and stratigraphically similar rocks of the basal Hawtel Formation occur in the Productus Creek Terrane, however these sands were probably deposited upon a shallow, stable shelf which lay to the west of the Key Summit-Little Ben basin. The coarsely volcanogenic sedimentation of the Key Summit-Little Ben formations ended rather abruptly. Overlying rocks, the Tapara and Greville formations, consist of unfossiliferous, grey, interlaminated sands and muds. Bedding laminae tend to be continuous and undisturbed, and coarser laminae commonly show size grading. Thickness is approximately 1000-1500 m. Fine grain-size of most Tapara-Greville rocks renders evaluation of provenance rather difficult, however, the coarser portion of these rocks contains both volcanic and plutonic debris. Tuffs are present, but uncommon. The tops of the Tapara and Greville formation is defined by an abrupt lithologic change to reddish sediment. These overlying "red beds", approximately 500 m thick, comprise the Winton and Waiua formations. Apart from the presence of hematite, Winton-Waiua rocks bear a very close lithologic and mineralogic resemblance to Tapara-Greville strata. No evidence is recognized for volcanism contemporaneous with Winton-Waiua sedimentation. Textural relations suggest that hematite in these rocks formed during weathering (prior to sedimentation) and also during diagenesis. Sedimentary rocks which may be correlated with Tapara-Greville and Winton - Waiua Strata are not recognized beyond the Key Summit- Nelson Regional Syncline-Arthurton Fold Belt. These sediments probably accumulated in a deep marine trench which was essentially coincident with the Key Summit-Nelson Regional Syncline. The youngest Bryneira-Maitai strata comprise the Countess and Stephens formations. Both units consist predominantly of unfossiliferous green volcanogenic sandstones and associated finer grained rocks; thickness ranges up to 1800 m. Basal Stephens strata, herein named the Gordons Member, are characterized by an abundance of tuffs, conglomerates and limestones. Similar beds, but without limestone also occur at the base of the Countess Formation. Stratigraphic contrasts between Countess and Stephens rocks are described and it is shown that these contrasts may be explained in terms of local geologic structure. Tuffs, limestones and conglomerates of the upper Productus Creek Group (upper Hawtel-Wairaki formations) may be correlated tentatively with Gordons Member. The Countess Formation is overlain unconformably by about 1500 m of conglomerates, tuffs, volcanogenic sandstones and argillites of the Snowdon Formation (new name). These rocks contain Triassic fossils (Etalian Stage). Similar strata appear to overlie the Stephens Formation. A period of latest Permian or early Triassic crustal unrest in inferred. Aspects of regional geology, local stratigraphy and petrography are discussed for all areas known to contain Upper Permian strata. Geology of the Key Summit-Nelson Regional Syncline and parallel adjoining terranes is discussed in detail: ten area maps, each accompanied by a text, are presented. The regional syncline is shown to be nearly isoclinal and to possess remarkable continuity. The eastern synclinal limb is overturned in most areas, and the east-limb contact between Bryneira-Maitai rocks and Lower Permian (Humboldt-Lee River) rocks is characterized by an unconformity. In contrast, the western synclinal limb is consistently "right-way-up", and the contact between Bryneira-Maitai rocks and Lower Permian (Alabaster-Brook Street) rocks is consistently faulted (Hollyford-Waimea Fault). Certain intra-Bryneira-Maitai faults (e,.g. Upukerora and Whangamoa) are shown to be extremely continuous structures. Other areas containing Upper Permian strata are also discussed; these include Productus Creek, Mataura Island, South Canterbury and Parapara Peak. The regional reports also include metamorphic data. Mineral assemblages are tabulated and mineral distribution illustrated with regard to stratigraphic and regional distribution. Positions of mineralogic isograds are reported. Volcanogenic debris in Upper Permian rocks has been very extensively reconstituted under lower grade metamorphic conditions. Mineralogic and petrographic data pertaining to a variety of a authigenic minerals are presented. Some relict detrital minerals are also described. Rock-forming zeolite minerals are restricted to the lowest grade metamorphic rocks studied. In general, data pertaining to these minerals conform with observations of previous workers. It should be noted, however, that some burial metamorphic analcime concentrates possess unusually low silica contents, and also that authigenic analcime, heulandite and laumontite have been recorded from Tertiary rocks from the Hollyford-Waimea Graben and from the Te Anau and Nelson basins. Non-zeolitic Ca-Al-silicate minerals are, petrologically, the most important minerals recorded; they include lawsonite, prehnite, pumpellyite and epidote. Lawsonite, a mineral indicative of relatively high pressures during metamorphism, is especially widespread in Bryneira-Maitai rocks. It occurs in apparent stability with prehnite, pumpellyite and epidote, but not with zeolites. Bryneira-Maitai epidote tends to be iron-rich, and some data suggest that it is of the "high index" variety. Calcite is the prevalent polymorph of CaCO3 in all rocks studied. A few occurrences of aragonite are recorded from the vicinity of ultramafic bodies. Authigenic amphiboles are uncommon. They include tremolite-actinolite, which does not co-exist with lawsonite, and a blue amphibole (probably of the riebeckite-magnesioriebeckite series) which co-exists with lawsonite in at least two occurrences. Metamorphic hornblende occurs in certain Lower Permian mafic volcanic and intrusive rocks. Hornblende also occurs widely, but not abundantly, as a detrital mineral. Clinopyroxene minerals, augite and salite, occur as detrital grains in numerous rocks. Neither jadeite nor any other authigenic pyroxene has been recognized in the Upper Permian rocks studied. Metamorphic diopside occurs in some Lower Permian rocks. Authigenic phyllosilicate minerals include chlorite, sericite, celadonite, stilpnomelane, biotite and montmorillonoid clays. Chlorite is virtually ubiquitous; the optically negative variety is found in rocks of all metamorphic grades, whereas optically positive chlorite is absent from lowest grade rocks but becomes increasingly abundant in rocks of slightly higher metamorphic grade. Sericite, probably phengitic, is also widespread. Celadonite is restricted to the lower grade rocks studied. Several previously unrecorded celadonite-bearing mineral assemblages are listed. Stilpnomelane is restricted to rocks in which reconstitution is well advanced. It co-exists with epidote and with amphiboles, but is very rare or absent in zeolite-, prehnite-, and lawsonite-bearing rocks. Biotite occurs in metamorphosed Upper Permian sediments from Parapara Peak, and in addition it occurs as a detrital mineral in many other rocks. Montmorillonoid clays are restricted to zeolite facies rocks. Microcrystalline Sphene is abundant and widespread. Quartz and albite occur in nearly every mineralogically reconstituted rock. Some rocks contain detrital Ca-plagioclaae and orthoclase which have escaped reconstitution. Oxide and sulfide minerals include authigenic hematite and pyrite, which are both abundant but do not co-exist, minor chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite, and detrital magnetite and chromite. Dispersed carbonaceous material has been concentrated from numerous metamorphic rocks and analysed by X-ray and electron diffraction methods. A classification to describe sub-graphitic material is proposed, and progressive graphitization is discussed. Carbonaceous material in zeolite facies rocks is nearly amorphous; well-crystallized graphite is first recognized in amphibolite facies rocks. Minor occurrences of tourmaline, apatite, garnet, rutile and allanite are also reported. On the basis of these observations, nine metamorphic zones are defined and mapped. They are correlated with recognized mineral facies -- zeolite, prehnite-pumpellyite, lawsonite-albite-chlorite, pumpellyite-actinolite, greenschist, and blueschist. Several subfacies are tentatively recognized. Phase rule considerations and textural relationships are taken to indicate widespread approach to equilibrium, however in many cases the extent of an equilibrium assemblage may be restricted to a microscopic volume or rock. In addition, compositional zoning in certain minerals (e.g. pumpellyite and epidote) implies small-scale disequilibrium. The behaviour and classification of chemical components is discussed. Some evidence suggests that H2O and/or CO2 may not have possessed perfect mobility during metamorphism. A minimum of four and a maximum of seven components (Al2O3 , CaO, FeO, MgO, Fe2O3 , H2), CO2) are considered to be determining components (Korzhinskii terminology). Numerous three- and four-component determining systems are explored chemographically. Comparison of these diagrams provides some clues regarding mineralogic reactions which may define zone boundaries. However, successful identification of metamorphic reactions by this method requires prior correct recognition of the determining chemical components. Successful application of the phase rule also relies on correct recognition of determining components. Bearing in mind this reservation, the writer concludes that phase rule considerations are generally compatible with attainment of equilibrium under di- or multi-variant conditions. Some assemblages suggest possible univariant or invariant conditions, or alternatively disequilibrium. Metamorphic temperatures and pressures constitute the primary controls over distribution of Ca-Al-silicate minerals. The stability fields of most of these minerals overlap. For example, prehnite-pumpellyite assemblage rocks occur interbedded with lawsonite-pumpellyite assemblage rocks in several areas. Possible secondary controls of mineral distribution include chemical composition of the host rock and varying chemical potential of volatile components. These secondary controls are discussed in some detail. The p - t conditions of metamorphism are investigated and a tentative p - t-facies diagram is presented. The formation of lawsonite-albite-chlorite facies mineral assemblages requires an abnormally low thermal gradient, probably less than 15°C/km. The data presented -- stratigraphic, lithologic, structural, and metamorphic -- may be synthesized in a geotectonic history. Upper Permian rocks of South Island, New Zealand accumulated in a rapidly evolving and tectonically complex geosyncline. Numerous paleotectonic (i.e. pre- Rangitata Orogeny) structural elements and geologic terranes can be recognized within this geosynclinal framework: these ancient structures exerted a profound control over geosynclinal sedimentation and also over subsequent tectogenesis. They are recognizable today in such features as the Median Tectonic Line, Hollyford-Waimea Fault, Southland-Kawhia Regional Syncline (i.e. synclinorium), and the Key Summit-Nelson Regional Syncline. Some other major structural features, e.g. Alpine Fault, Livingstone Fault, are not recognized within the paleotectonic framework. Two sedimentary facies belts -- Hokonui and Alpine -- of Permian to Jurassic age, divide the geosyncline into two longitudinal provinces. The facies belts are separated from each other by the Dun Mountain Ultramafic Belt, and it is suggested that this belt may consist partly of sub-geosynclinal basement. Two parallel regional synclines -- Key Summit-Nelson and Southland-Kawhia -- lie within the Hokonui belt. It is emphasized that these structures differ from each other tectonically and chronologically and are nowhere co-linear. Although presently orogenic fold belts, they inherited their structural position and synclinal form from the geosynclinal framework in which they originated. The regional synclines are bordered in part by major faults -- Hollyford-Waimea, Gunn-Eighty Eight -- which are shown to coincide with structural breaks in the geosynclinal basement and also with stratigraphic discontinuities. A model for paleotectonic evolution of the New Zealand Geosyncline is proposed and briefly discussed. Abundant unstable terrigenous and pyroclastic debris as well as deep sedimentary burial rendered Permian rocks mineralogically unstable. Thus zeolite and prehnite-pumpellyite facies burial metamorphism proceeded between Permian and late Jurassic or Cretaceous times. In contrast, structural evidence and K-Ar dates suggest that the formation of lawsonite occurred only during early Cretaceous -- Rangitata -- time. Several important attributes of Upper Permian rocks can be related to width of the Hokonui Facies Belt. These include -- sedimentary facies and stratigraphic thickness, degree of textural reconstitution, mineralogic grade of metamorphism, depth of post-Rangitata erosion, and possibly K-Ar age of slates. Thus highest grade Bryneira-Maitai metasediments lie in the narrow, tightly appressed medial portion of the elongate Key Summit-Nelson Regional Syncline, a position where width of the Hokonui Facies Belt is minimal. Metamorphic grade decreases with increase in Width of the Hokonui Belt. It is proposed that the New Zealand Geosyncline was driven westward into the continental Western Province during Rangitata orogenesis. The Key Summit-Nelson Regional Syncline became uncoupled from the western part of the Hokonui belt and was rapidly dragged deep into the crust, perhaps with the descending limb of a convection cell. Dextral strike-slip movement along the Alpine Fault commenced following the climax of Rangitata orogenesis. Movement probably occurred in spasms, and is still active today. Data presented herein may be regarded as consistent with the hypothesis that the Key Summit and Nelson regional synclines originated as one continuous structure. Displacement along the Alpine Fault severed this structure and separated the two portions by 480 km. Department The department where the student is studying primarily. Geology Named locality Named locality describing the field area location. South Island Thesis description Number of pages, maps, CDs, etc. xxv, 2 vols 1: 316 Pages, 2: 317-624 Pages; 30cm Maps and plate folded in seperated book. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1969Landis Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Landis, C.A. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969 Title A name given to the resource Upper Permian rocks of South Island, New Zealand: Lithology, stratigraphy, structure, metamorphism and tectonics. Subject The topic of the resource Map Lithostratigraphy Metamorphic geology Structural geology Tectonics Paleozoic blueschist lawsonite Maitai Group Permian https://theses.otagogeology.org.nz/files/original/c517170fc904013b9d1b4f25c145692f.pdf 50b4bac97033698dabce16e805f28ba0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Geology theses OU Geology thesis Thesis or dissertation completed by University of Otago Geology students Location WKT (WGS84) The location stored in WKT (WGS84) format POLYGON ((167.886525371422522 -45.9081087858739,167.890849285907194 -45.872220089952989,167.955507436588903 -45.875457533180082,167.952786264137785 -45.911062301426306,167.886525371422522 -45.9081087858739)) Author last name Last name of the Author Kennedy Project type Is it an MSc, PhD, BSc(Hons) or PGDipSci? BSc(Hons) Advisers Who supervised/advised this student Landis, C.A. Campbell, J.D. Kawachi, Y. Abstract The Abstract for this thesis Approximately 17,200 ft. of Permian strata, exposed on the south-east margin of the Takitimu Mountains Southland, New Zealand, are chiefly andesitic and basaltic lavas and diorite silts, as well as clastic and sedimentary rocks whose constituent particles were derived from Permian pyroclastic eruptions of augite (and hornblende) andesites. These rocks were steeply tilted and eroded before the deposition of Triassic volcanogenic sediments which now rest unconformably on the Permian strata. During diagenesis volcanic glass has crystallized to heulandite and analcime, and associated minerals are chlorite, celadonite and prehnite. Plagioclase has altered to albite and one or more hydrous Ca-bearing minerals, including prehnite. Albitization is incomplete on every scale. Laumontite is only found in veins, and stilbite is common in cavities of volcanic rook. Gravimetric determination of the amount of silica in two of the Permian basalts gave values of 48.87 and 48.16%.Average K2O, Na2O and K2O:Na2O values for Permian Volcanics are respectively 1.091 3.23 and 0.29, which coincide with volcanic belt No.1 of Challis (1968). The discovery of Mellarium in a partly calcified conglomerate establishes the presence of a new Etalian locality near Wilanda Downs. A new Formation in the Productus Creek Group (Mt. Wilanda Limestone) is defined. Department The department where the student is studying primarily. Geology Named locality Named locality describing the field area location. Takitimu Mountains Thesis description Number of pages, maps, CDs, etc. 65 Leaves. Photos, map (folded in pocket); 30 cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1969Kennedy Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kennedy, TJ Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969 Title A name given to the resource Geology of the South-East Margin of the Takitimu Mountains, Southland, New Zealand. Subject The topic of the resource Map Igneous petrology Sedimentary petrology Paleozoic Murihiku Supergroup Permian https://theses.otagogeology.org.nz/files/original/0924e3a51805d69b8de3bc6c21be4173.pdf ae491e531efdbc375c72d4fa7c7d1588 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Geology theses OU Geology thesis Thesis or dissertation completed by University of Otago Geology students Location WKT (WGS84) The location stored in WKT (WGS84) format POLYGON ((168.079771484000048 -44.852244050999957,168.069546458000104 -44.838108538999961,168.067711148000058 -44.835573354999951,168.06901016900008 -44.833357036999985,168.078775797000048 -44.81666766099994,168.084059065000019 -44.81480604099994,168.092193427000097 -44.811943206999956,168.106535253000061 -44.806891373999974,168.117564218000098 -44.81459364799997,168.11579296900004 -44.835663550999982,168.11320202100012 -44.839939648999973,168.098887042000115 -44.863560559999939,168.087879428000065 -44.86297521299997,168.087529298000049 -44.862955795999937,168.079771484000048 -44.852244050999957)) Author last name Last name of the Author Corner Project type Is it an MSc, PhD, BSc(Hons) or PGDipSci? BSc(Hons) Advisers Who supervised/advised this student Landis, C.A. Abstract The Abstract for this thesis A Lower Permian geosynclinal sequence, previously mapped as Eglinton Volcanics, is found to be predominantly volcanogenic feldspathic sandstone and siltstone with minor tuffs, tuffaceous sandstones, Atomodesma bearing limestone and keratophyres. The sequence is divided into the Falls Creek Formation, (which includes the Melita Limestone Member), Kaka Creek Siltstone, Consolation Formation, Divide Creek Formation and Fergus Formation - all newly defined. Correlation with other areas is discussed. The rocks have been metamorphosed to prehnite-pumpellyite and pumpellyite-actinolite-schist facies. Justification for the use of the name Alabaster Group, rather than Eglinton Volcanics, is given. Basic and ultrabasic dykes, intruding the above sequence, are described in some detail. A quartz-dolerite intrusive body, here named the Gunn Intrusives, is tentatively correlated with the Mackay Intrusives. To the west, in fault contact (Skelmorlie Fault) with the Alabaster Group, is the so-called Darran Diorite. In this urea it is actually oligoclase-granite and hence it is proposed that the name Darran Complex be used. Rafts in the Darran Complex are metamorphosed to hornblende-hornfels facies. Graben fault blocks of Otamitan and Tertiary marine sediments are infaulted along the Hollyford Fault, which bounds the eastern edge of the Alabaster Group. The sparsely fossiliferous Otamitan (Windy Point Formation) is comprised of sandstones, siltstones, tuffs and conglomerates and is correlated with the Murihiku Super-group. Analcime from one tuff-bed has a composition identical to that of analcim from burial metamorphic rocks of the Taringaturas, Southland. Metamorphism is to zeolite facies. The sparsely fossiliferous Lake Lochie Beds (L-P age) consist primarily of arkosic sandstones (derived from Fiordland Complex) with rare volcanic conglomerates (derived from the Eglinton Volcanics. Department The department where the student is studying primarily. Geology Named locality Named locality describing the field area location. Lake Fergus Eglinton Valley Thesis description Number of pages, maps, CDs, etc. ii. 52 p. ill. Map (folded in pocket). 27 cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1969Corner Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Corner, NG Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969 Title A name given to the resource Geology of an area west of Lake Fergus, Upper Eglinton Valley. Subject The topic of the resource Map Igneous petrology Sedimentary petrology Alabaster Group Darran Complex https://theses.otagogeology.org.nz/files/original/e605bdb42824e0f790473c6109869511.pdf b5091a39ed636becffb21b56ba2b32ef Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Geology theses OU Geology thesis Thesis or dissertation completed by University of Otago Geology students Location WKT (WGS84) The location stored in WKT (WGS84) format POLYGON ((167.415521412349619 -45.107755515238722,167.425064479264023 -45.043057976842135,167.504906093654029 -45.048463942898159,167.49774686528869 -45.108900935214933,167.415521412349619 -45.107755515238722)) Author last name Last name of the Author Bremner Project type Is it an MSc, PhD, BSc(Hons) or PGDipSci? BSc(Hons) Advisers Who supervised/advised this student Coombs, D.S. Department The department where the student is studying primarily. Geology Named locality Named locality describing the field area location. Lake Wapiti Fiordland Thesis description Number of pages, maps, CDs, etc. 41 leaves, photos, 27 cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1969Bremner Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bremner, TJ Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969 Title A name given to the resource Geology of the Lake Wapiti Area, Central Fiordland. Subject The topic of the resource Map Metamorphic geology Mineralogy Structural geology metasediment